Personal and social factors which protect against bullying victimization
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of bullying victimization and to analyze personal and social factors influence over this phenomenon in an adolescent population.
Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and multicenter study was carried out in 15-18 years old pupils in five secondary schools of Cuenca during the 2015-16 school year. The variables were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and included age, gender, different subscales of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire and the resilience scale CD-RISC 10.
Results: Data were obtained from 844 students (of whom 54% were girls) whose average age was 16.36 years old. The prevalence of bullying victimization was 29,5%. The multivariate analysis for the personal factors showed that being girl, more resilient, having better self-perception and psychological well-being, protect from being victims. Whereas the social factors model indicated that financial resources, parents and peers´ relations and school environment do also have a protective effect.
Conclusion: Bullying is a complex phenomenon with high prevalence and great social impact. In our work, adolescents´ specific characteristics such as resistance capacity and emotional control, as well as the ones related to their social support, are protective factors against bullying. Prevention polices should be multisectoral and multidisciplinary involving the family, school and health environment and social network. Primary care nurses and especially the school nurse could provide greater coordination among the different sectors and join efforts to promote safe environments for our young people.
Downloads
References
- Analitis F, Velderman MK, Ravens-SiebererU, Detmar S, Erhart M, Herdman M, Berra S, Alonso J, Rajmil L. Being bullied: associated factors in children and adolescents 8 to 18 years old in 11 European countries. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(2):569-77. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0323
- Hidalgo C, Molina T, Molina R, Sepúlveda R, Martínez V, Montaño R, González E, George M. Bullying y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes escolares chilenos. Rev Med Chil. 2015;143:716-23. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872015000600004
- Baldry, AC; Farrington, DP. Protective factors as moderators of risk factors in adolescence bullying. Social Psychol of Education. 2005;8:263-84. doi: 10.1007/s11218-005-5866-54.- Olweus d. School bullying: development and some important challenges. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013; 9:751-80. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516
- Hemphill SA, Tollit M, Herrenkohl TI. Protective factors against the impact of school bullying perpetration and victimization on young adult externalizing and internalizing problems. J Sch Violence. 2014;13(1):125-45. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2013.844072
- Defensor del Pueblo. Violencia escolar: el maltrato entre iguales en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria 1999-2006. Madrid: Defensor del Pueblo; 2007. Disponible en: https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/informe-monografico/violencia-escolar-el-maltrato-entre-iguales-en-la-educacion-secundaria-obligatoria-1999-2006-nuevo-estudio-y-actualizacion-del-informe-2000-2007/
- Oñate A, Piñuel I. Acoso y violencia escolar en España: Informe Cisneros X. Madrid: IIDEI;2007. 207p.
- Díaz MJ, Martínez R, Martín J. Estudio estatal sobre la convivencia escolar en la educación secundaria obligatoria. Ministerio de Educación. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación; 2010. Disponible en: https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/estudio-estatal-sobre-la-convivencia-escolar-en-la-educacion-secundaria-obligatoria/educacion-secundaria-socializacion/13567
- Craig W, Harel Y, Fogel H, Dostaler S, Hetland J, Simons B, Molcho M, Gaspar M, Overpeck M, Due P, Pickett W, the HBSC Violence& injuries Prevention focus group and the HBSC Bullying writing group. A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. Int J Public Health. 2009;54 S2:216-24. doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5413-9
- Cosma A, Whitehead R, Neville F, Currie D, Inchley, J. Trends in bullying victimization in Scottish adolescents 1994-2014: changing associations with mental well-being. Int J Public Health. 2017; 62(6):639-46. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-0965-6
- Oliveira WA, Silva JLD, Sampaio JMC, Silva MAI. Students' health: an integrative review on family and bullying. Cien Saude Colet. 2017;22(5):1553-64. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232017225.09802015
- Ttofi MM, Bowes L, Farrington DP, Lösel F. Protective factors interrupting the continuity from school bullying to later internalizing and externalizing problems: a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies. J of school violence. 2014; 13:5-38. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2013.857345
- Aymerich M, Berra S, Guillamón I, Herdman M, Alonso J, Ravens-Sieberer U, et al. Desarrollo de la versión en español del KIDSCREEN, un cuestionario de calidad de vida para la población infantil y adolescente. Gac Sanit. 2005;19(2):93–102. doi: 10.1157/13074363
- Tebe C, Berra S, Herdman M, Aymerich M, Alonso J, Rajmil L. Fiabilidad y validez de la versión española del KIDSCREEN-52 para población infantil y adolescente. Med Clin. 2008;130(17):650–4. doi:.10.1157/1312099915.- Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new Resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76–82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113
- Serrano MD, Garrido M, Notario B, Bartolomé R, Solera M, Martínez V. Validez de la escalade resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (10 ítems) en una población de mayores no institucionalizados. Enferm Clín. 2013;23(1):14–21. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2012.11.006
- Sánchez MI, García I, Moreno MC. Trend analysis of bullying victimization prevalence in Spanish adolescent youth at school. J Sch Health. 2017;87(6), 457-64. doi: 10.1111/josh.12513
- Turner I, Reynolds KJ, Lee E, Subasic E, Bromhead D. Well-being, school climate, and the social identity process: a latent growth model study of bullying perpetration and peer victimization. Sch Psychol Q. 2014;29(3):320-35. doi: 10.1037/spq0000074
-Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbulling victimization. Child Abuse & Negl. 2017; 73:51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.010
- Lee K, Dale J, Guy A, Wolke D. Bullying and negative appearance feedback among adolescents: Is it objective or misperceived weight that matters? J Adolesc. 2018;63:118-28. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.008
- Tippett N, Wolke D. Socioeconomic Status and Bullying: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(6)e48-59. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301960
- Šmigelskas K, Vaičiūnas T, Lukoševičiūtė J, Malinowska-Cieślik M, Melkumova M, Movsesyan E, Zaborskis A. Sufficient social support as a possible preventive factor against fighting and bullying in school children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(5):870. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050870
- Healy KL, Sanders, MR. Mechanisms through which supportive relationships with parents and peers mitigate victimization, depression and internalizing problems in children bullied by peers. Child Psychiatry & Hum Dev. 2018;(49):800-813. doi: 10.1007/s10578-018-0793-9
- Yubero S, Ovejero A, Larrañaga E. Apoyo social percibido en el contexto escolar y victimización entre iguales durante la adolescencia. Rev Psicología Social. 2010; 25(3):283-93. doi: 10.1174/021347410792675589
- Ploeg R, Kretschmer T, Salmivalli C, Veenstra R. Defending victims: What does it take to intervene in bullying and how is it rewarded by peers? J Sch Psychol. 2017;65:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2017.06.002
- Mucherah W, Finch H, White T, Thomas K. The relationship of school climate, teacher defending and friends on students' perceptions of bullying in high school. J Adolesc. 2018;62:128-139. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.11.012
- Cerezo F. Bullying: análisis de la situación en las aulas españolas. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy. 2009;9(3):367-78. Disponible en: https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen9/num3/244/bullying-anlisis-de-la-situacin-en-las-ES.pdf
- De Miguel M, Benito L, Reyes N, Pedraz MI, Martín B, Olivares J. Detección de víctimas de bullying en un centro de Atención Primaria. Semergen. 2008;34(8):375-8. doi: 10.1016/S1138-3593(08)72344-X
- Faria CS, Martins CBG. Violencia escolar entre adolescentes: condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Enfermería Global. 2016; 15(42):157-70. doi: 10.6018/eglobal.15.2.206901
- Iossi MA, Meirelles EML, Falleiros I, Bomfim MG, Pereira B, Abadio W. Intervenciones antibullying desarrolladas por enfermeros: revisión integradora de la literatura. Enfermería Global 2017; 48:532-47. doi: 10.6018/eglobal.16.4.267971
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the copyright of the published works, and encourages and allows the reuse of the works under the license for use stated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2011 (© Publications Service, University of Murcia, 2011)
2. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal) “ a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Spain license (legal text)”. They can be copied, used, broadcasted, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and original source of their publication (journal, publisher and URL) are cited; (ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license is mentioned.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Authors are allowed and encouraged to electronically disseminate the pre-print (pre-reviewed ) and / or post-print (reviewed and accepted for publication) versions of their works prior to publication, as it ensures a wider circulation and dissemination which may lead to a possible increase in its mention and a higher scope among the academic community. RoMEO color: green.
