With or without you: does partner satisfaction and partner-directed violence influence the presence of a partner on women’s Facebook cover profile photographs?
Abstract
Social network sites (SNSs) provide new opportunities for online self-presentation of millions of users. The cover profile photograph (CPP) along with written information regarding relationship status is a central component of online self-presentation, although their associations with actual romantic relationships are not clear. We investigated relationships between the presence of a current romantic partner on the CPP and the displayed relationship status and partner satisfaction, partner-directed violence and women’s intrasexual competition with peers. A total of 28 % of the 158 women with a Facebook profile and being involved in a romantic relationship had their romantic partners on their CPP. As predicted, women with their partners on the CPP were more satisfied with their romantic relationship than others. Furthermore, women who did not have their partner on the CPP tended to conceal or lie in their displayed mating status suggesting that this may be a strategy how to attract another potential mate. The partner-directed violence and intrasexual competition hypotheses were not supported. Overall, the CPP and an honestly displayed relationship status is an expression of relationship satisfaction amongst women.
Downloads
References
Arriaga, X.B., & Oskamp, S. (1999). Violence in intimate relationships. CA: Sage.Thousand Oaks.
Bevan, J. L. (2011). A picture is worth a thousand words: A content analysis of Facebookprofile photographs. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1828-1833.
Bucher, T. A. (2013). The friendship assemblage: Investigating programmeds on Facebook. Television & New Media, 14, 479-493.
Buss, D. A. (1988). From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology and Sociobiology, 9, 291-317.
Buunk, A. P., & Fisher, M. (2009). Individual differences in intrasexual competition. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 37-48.
Campbell, A. (2004). Female competition: causes, constraints, content, and contexts. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 16-26.
Chowdhary, N., & Patel, V. (2008). The effect of spousal violence on women’s health: Findings from the Stree Arogya Shodh in Goa, India. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 54, 306-312.
Daniel, M. A., & Milligan, G. (2013). Intimate partner violence: how clinicians can be an asset to their patients. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing And Mental Health Services, 51, 22-28.
Elliot, A. J. & Pazda, A. D. (2012). Dressed for sex: Red as a female sexual signal in humans. PLoS ONE, 7, e34607.
Elphinston, R. A., & Noller, P. (2011). Time to Face It! Facebook Intrusion and the Implications for Romantic Jealousy and Relationship Satisfaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 631-635.
Estevez, A., Villardon, L., Calvete, E., Padilla, P., & Orue, I. (2010). Adolescent victims of cyberbullying: prevalence and characteristics. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 18, 73-89.
Fink, B., Klappauf, D., Brewer, G., & Shackelford, T. K. (in press). Female physical characteristics and intra-sexual competition in women. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 138-141.
Fisher, M. L. (2004). Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness. Biology Letters, 271, 283–285.
Foon Hew, K. (2011). Students’ and teachers’ use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 662-676.
Gladstein, J., Slater Rusonis, E. J., & Heald, F. P. (1992). A comparison of inner-city and upper-middle class youths' exposure to violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13, 275-280.
Goetz, A. A., Shackelford, T. K., & Schipper, L. D. (2006). Adding insult to injury: Development and initial validation of the Partner-Directed Insults Scale. Violence and Victims, 21, 691-706.
Haferkamp, N., & Krämer, N. C. (2010). Creating a digital self. Impression management and impression formation on social networking sites. In Drotner K, Schrøder, KC, eds. Digital content creation: creativity, competence, critique. (pp. 129–146) New York: Peter Lang.
Haferkamp, N., Eimler, S. C., Papadakis, A. M., Kruck, J. M. (2012). Men are from Mars, women are from Venus? Examining gender differences in self-presentation on social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 91-98.
Hancock, J., & Toma, C. (2009). Putting your best face forward: The accuracy of online dating photographs. Journal of Communication, 59, 367-386.
Hum, N. J., Chamberlin, P. E., Hambright, B. L., Portwood, A. C., Schat, A. C., & Humphreys, L. (2004). Photographs and the presentation of self through online dating services. Paper presented at the National Communication Association, Chicago: IL.
Hum NJ, Chamberlin P. E., Hambright B. L., Portwood A. C., Schat A. C., & Bevan J.L. (2011). A picture is worth a thousand words: A content analysis of Facebook profile photographs. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1828–1833.
Kizza, J. M. (2010). Cyberspace, Cyberethics, and Social Networking. In: Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age Texts in Computer 2010 (pp 221-246).
La Greca A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34, 49-61.
Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010), Social Media and Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults. Pew Internet AmericanLife Project.
/www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspxS (retrieved 13.11.13).
Little, A, & Perrett, D. (2007). Using composite images to assess accuracy in personality attribution to faces. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 111-126.
Mesch, G. S., Beker, G. (2010). Are norms of disclosure of online and offline personal information associated with the disclosure of personal information online? Human Communication Research, 36, 570-592.
Muise, A., Christofides, E., & Desmarais, S. (2009) More information than you ever wanted: Does Facebook bring out the green-eyed monster of jealousy? Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12, 441–444.
Nguyen, M., Bin, Y. S., & Campbell, A. (2012). Comparing online and offline self-disclosure: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking; 15, 103-111.
Pham, M. N., Shackelford, T. K., & Sela, Y. (2013). Women’s oral sex behaviors and risk of partner infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 446-449.
Raad, E., Chbeir, R., Dipanda, A. Discovering relationship types between usersusing profiles and shared photos in a social network. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 64, 141-170.
Reich, S. M., Subrahmanyam, K., Espinoza, G. (2012). Friending, IMing, and hanging out face-to-face: Overlap in adolescents' online and offline social networks. Developmental Psychology, 48, 356-368.
Roney, J. R., Hanson, K. N., Durante, K. M., & Maestripieri, D. (2006). Reading men’s faces: Women’s mate attractiveness judgments track men’s testosterone and interest in infants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 273, 2169-2175.
Shackelford, T. K., Goetz, A. T., LaMunyon, C. W., Quintus, B. J., & Weekes-Shackelford V. A. (2004). Sex differences in sexual psychology produce sex similar preferences for a short-term mate. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33, 405-412.
Schenk, A. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2012). Prevalence, psychological impact, and coping of cyberbully victims among college students. Journal of School Violence, 11, 21-37.
Schmitt, D. P., Buss, D. M. (2001). Human Mate Poaching: Tactics and Temptations for Infiltrating Existing Mateships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 894-917.
Sell, A., Cosmides, L., Tooby, J., Sznycer, D., Rueden, C., & Gurven, M. (2009). Human adaptations for the visual assessment of strength and fighting ability from the body and face. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 575-584.
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisen, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 26–32.
Slonje, R, Smith, P. K., Frisen, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 26-32.
Stern, L. A., & Taylor, K. (2007). Social networking on Facebook. Journal of the Communication, Speech, and Theatre Association of North Dakota, 20, 9-20.
Subrahmanyam K, Reich SM, Waechter N, Espinoza G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 420-433.
Taraszow, T., Aristodemou, E., Shitta, G., Laouris, Y., & Arsoy, A. (2010). Disclosure of personal and contact information by young people in social networking sites: An analysis using Facebook ™ profiles as an example. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 6, 81–102.
Toma CL, Hancock JT. (Eds.). (2010). Lying for Love in the Modern Age Deception in Online Dating. In: Interplay of Truth and Deception: New Agendas in Communication (pp. 149-164).
Tufekci Z. Can you see me now? Audience and disclosure regulation in online social network sites. Bulletin of Science,Technology & Society 2008; 28, 20–36.
Vaillancourt T. (2005). Indirect aggression among human: Social construct or evolutionary adaptation? In Tremblay RE, Hartup WW, Archer J (editors), eds. Developmental Origins of Aggression (pp 158–177). New York: Guilford.
Vaillancourt T, & Sharma A. (2011). Intolerance of sexy peers: Intrasexual competition among women. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 569-77.
Valkenburg, P., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43, 267-277.
Wang SS, Moon SI, Kwon KH, Evans, CA, Stefanone MA. Face off: Implications of visual cues on initiating friendship on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior 2010; 26, 226-34.
Young AL,Quan-HaaseA. (2009). Information revelation and Internet privacyconcerns on social network sites: A case study of Facebook. In Proceedings of the4th international conference on communities and technologies (pp. 265–274). NewYork: ACM.
Yut-Lin W, Othman S. (2008). Early detection and prevention of domestic violence using the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) in primary health care clinics in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 20, 102-16.
Zakar R, Zakar, MZ, Mikolajczyk R, Kraemer A. (2013). Spousal violence against women and its association with women's mental health in Pakistan. Health Care for Women International, 34, 795-813.
Zhao S, Grasmuck S, Martin J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1816-1836.
Zweig, JM, Crockett LJ, Sayer A, &Vicary JR. (1999). A longitudinal examination of the consequences of sexual victimization for rural young women. Journal of Sex Research, 36, 396-409.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.