Structural validity of a questionnaire to measure effective behaviors in work teams
Abstract
We present a study of the structural validity of the questionnaire proposed by Philip R. Harris (1995; Spanish translation by the Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces, 2001) aimed to assess the effectiveness of the individual behavior of people working in a team. The instrument was applied to a sample of 771 employees from different teams existing in several organizations dedicated to the care of dependent adults. The completion of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-dimensional factor structure that explained 63.2% of the total common variance. The three factors identified in the analysis were labelled Communication skills, Emotional expression and Acceptance. Philip R. Harris proposed an interpretation of the test responses for each one of the questionnaire items separately; however, our results support obtaining of scores on the three factors extracted, which represent relevant dimensions in the study of the skills that the components of an effective team should possess.
Downloads
References
Aguado García, D., Arranz, V., Valera Rubio, A. y Marín Torres, S. (2011). Evaluación de un programa “blended-learning” para el desarrollo de la competencia trabajar en equipo. Psicothema, 23, 356-361.
Anglada Monzón, P., Tejero González, C. M. y Ruiz Barquín, R. (2012). Programas de formación "adventure based counseling": un estudio sobre el desarrollo de competencias vinculadas al trabajo en equipo. Anales de Psicología, 28, 939-945.
Baker, D. P., Day, R. y Salas, E. (2006). Teamwork as an essential component of high- reliability organizations. Health Services Research, 41, 1576-1598.
Baker, D. P., Horvath, L., Campion, M., Offermann, L. y Salas, E. (2005). The ALL teamwork framework. En T. S. Murray, Y. Clermont y M. Binkley (Eds.), International adult literacy survey. Measuring adult literacy and life skills: New frameworks for assessment (pp. 229-272). Ottawa: Minister of Industry.
Baker, D. P. y Salas, E. (1997). Principles for measuring teamwork: a summary and look toward the future. En M. T. Brannick, E. Salas, y C. Prince (Eds.), Team performance assessment and measurement: Theory, methods and applications. (pp. 331-355). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bales, R. F. (1950). A set of categories for the analysis of small group interaction. American Sociological Review, 15, 257-263.
Belbin, R. M. (1993). Team roles at work. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Boada-Grau, J., Diego Vallejo, R. D., Llanos Serra, E. D. y Vigil-Colet, A. (2011). Versión breve en español del Team Climate Inventory (TCI-14): Desarrollo y propiedades psicométricas. Psicothema, 23, 308-313.
Boada-Grau, J. y Gil-Ripoll, C. (2011). Medida de las prácticas de recursos humanos: Propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial del cuestionario PRH-33. Anales de Psicología, 27, 527-535.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager. New York: Wiley.
Bunting, B. P., Adamson, G. y Mulhall, P. (2002). A Monte Carlo examination of an MTMM model with planned incomplete data structures. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 369-389.
Burke, C. S., Stagl, K. C., Klein, C., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E. y Halpin, S. M. (2006). What type of leadership behaviors are functional in teams? A meta-analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 288-307.
Cannon-Bowers, J. A. y Salas, E. (1997). Teamwork competencies: the interaction of team member knowledge, skills, and attitudes. En H. F. O'Neil (Ed.), Workforce readiness: Competencies and assessment (pp. 151-174). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Tannenbaum, S. I., Salas, E. y Volpe, C. E. (1995). Defining competencies and establishing team training requirements. En R. A. Guzzo y E. Salas (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations (pp. 333-382). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cohen, S. G. y Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23, 239-290.
Costa, A. C. (2003). Work team trust and effectiveness. Personnel Review, 32, 605-672.
Ellis, A., Bell, B., Ployhart, R., Hollegnbeck, J. e Illgen, D. (2005). An evaluation of generic teamwork skills training with action teams: Effects on cognitive and skill-based outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 58, 641-672.
Ferrando, P. J., Lorenzo-Seva, U. y Chico, E. (2003). Unrestricted factor analytic procedures for assessing acquiescent responding in balanced, theoretically unidimensional personality scales. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 38, 353-374.
Gil, F., Alcover, C. y Peiró, J. M. (2005). Work team effectiveness in organizational contexts: Recent research and applications in Spain and Portugal. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 193-218.
Harman, H. H. (1962). Modern factor analysis (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Harris, P. R. (1995). Twenty reproducible assessment instruments for the new work culture. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
Harris, P. R. (2001). 20 instrumentos de diagnóstico para la nueva empresa. Ma-drid: Editorial Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces.
Harris, T. C. y Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (1997). Components of teamwork: Impact on evaluations of contributions to work team effective-ness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1694-1715.
Hoffman, J. R. y Rogelberg, S. G. (1998). A guide to team incentive sys-tems. Team Performance Management, 4, 23-32.
INQRI (2009). Interdisciplinary Nursing Quality Research Initiative. To err is human: Ten years late. Bogging Event: Reflections on the 10th Anniversary, 1-36.
Jennrich, R. I. (1979). Admissible values of γ in direct oblimin rotation. Psychometrika, 44, 173-177.
Jöreskog, K. G. y Sörbom, D. (2001) LISREL 8.54 [Computer software]. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
Kelley, T. L. (1935). Essential traits of mental life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Kohn L. T., Corrigan J. M. y Donaldson M. S. (1999). To err is human: building a safer health system. A report of the Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine (IOM). Washington: National Academy Press.
Leggat, S. G. (2007). Effective healthcare teams require effective team members: Defining teamwork competencies. BMC Health Services Research, 7, 17.
Lévy-Leboyer, C. (1997). Gestión de las competencias: cómo analizarlas, cómo evaluarlas, cómo desarrollarlas. Barcelona: Gestión 2000.
Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2013). How to report the percentage of explained common variance in exploratory factor analysis. (Technical Report). Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragon.
Lorenzo-Seva, U. y Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer pro-gram to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91.
Lorezo-Seva, U. y Ferrando, P. J. (2013). Factor 9.20: Manual of the program. Tarragona: Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Recuperado de http://psico.fcep.urv.cat/utilitats/factor/documentation/
Luca, J. y Heal, D. (2006). Is role-play an effective teaching approach to assist tertiary students to improve teamwork skills? 23rd Annual Conference: Who's Learning? Whose Technology? University of Sydney, Australia.
Marin García, J. A. y Zárate Martínez, M. E. (2008). Propuesta de un modelo integrador entre la gestión del conocimiento y el trabajo en equipo. Intangible Capital, 4, 255-280.
Marin Garcia, J. A., Miralles Insa, C., Garcia Sabater, J. J. y Vidal Carreras, P. I. (2008). Teaching management based on students teamwork: Advantages, drawbacks and proposals for action. Intangible Capital, 4, 143-165.
Mathieu, J., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T. y Gilson, L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997-2007: A review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. Journal of Management, 34, 410-476.
McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McClough, A. C. y Rogelberg, S. G. (2003). Selection in teams: An exploration of the teamwork knowledge, skills, and ability test. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11, 56-66.
Miller, D. L. (2001). Reexamining teamwork KSAs and team perfor-mance. Small Group Research, 32, 745-766.
Mislevy, R. J. y Bock, R. D. (1990). BILOG 3: Item analysis and test scoring with binary logistic models. Mooresville: Scientific Software.
Mumford, T. V., Van Iddekinge, C. H., Morgeson, F. P. y Campion, M. A. (2008). The team role test: Development and validation of a team role knowledge situational judgment test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 250-267.
Olmedilla, A., Ortega, E., Almeida, P., Lameiras, J., Villalonga, T., Sousa, C., Torregrosa, M., Cruz, J. y Garcia-Mas, A. (2011). Cohesión y cooperación en equipos deportivos. Anales de Psicología, 27, 232-238.
Rico, R., Alcover de la Hera, C. M. y Tabernero, C. (2010). Efectividad de los equipos de trabajo: Una revisión de la última década de investigación (1999-2009). Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 26, 47-71.
Ros, J. A. (2006). Análisis de roles de trabajo en equipo: Un enfoque centrado en comportamientos. Barcelona: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Shanahan, C., Best, C., Finch, M. y Sutton, C. (2007). Measurement of the be-havioural, cognitive, and motivational factors underlying team performance. Victoria, Australia: Air Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation,
Shapiro, A. y ten Berge, J. M. (2002). Statistical inference of minimum rank factor analysis. Psychometrika, 67, 79-94.
Spencer, L. M. y Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Stevens, M. J. y Campion, M. A. (1994). The knowledge, skill, and ability requirements for teamwork: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Management, 20, 503-530.
Stevens, M. J. y Campion, M. A. (1999). Staffing work teams: Develop-ment and validation of a selection test for teamwork settings. Journal of Management, 25, 207-228.
Taggar, S. y Brown, T. C. (2001). Problem-solving team behaviors: Development and validation of BOS and a hierarchical factor structure. Small Group Research, 32, 698-726.
Ten Berge, J. M. y Kiers, H. A. (1991). A numerical approach to the ap-proximate and the exact minimum rank of a covariance matrix. Psychometrika, 56, 309-315.
Timmerman, M. E. y Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assess-ment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220.
Varney, G. H. (1989). Building productive teams: And action guide and research book. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
Zwick, W. R. y Velicer, W. F. (1986). Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432-442.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.
