Técnicas de clasificación de data mining: una aplicación al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes

Autores/as

  • Juan J. Montaño Universidad de las Islas Baleares
  • Elena Gervilla Universidad de las Islas Baleares
  • Berta Cajal Universidad de las islas Baleares
  • Alfonso Palmer Universidad de las Islas Baleares
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.2.160881
Palabras clave: redes neuronales artificiales, nicotina, data mining, tabaco, modelo de regresión logística, análisis discriminante

Agencias de apoyo

  • Plan nacional sobre drogas (INT/2012/2002)

Resumen

El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar el poder predictivo de diversas variables psicosociales y de personalidad sobre el consumo o no consumo de nicotina en la población adolescente mediante el uso de diversas técnicas de clasificación procedentes de la metodología Data Mining. Más concretamente, se analizan las RNA –Perceptrón Multicapa (MLP), Funciones de Base Radial (RBF) y Redes Probabilísticas (PNN)--, los árboles de decisión, el modelo de regresión logística y el análisis discriminante. Para ello, se ha trabajado con una muestra de 2666 adolescentes, de los cuales 1378 no consumen nicotina mientras que 1288 son consumidores de nicotina. Los modelos analizados han sido capaces de discriminar correctamente entre ambos tipos de sujeto en un rango comprendido entre el 77.39% y el 78.20%, alcanzando una sensibilidad del 91.29% y una especificidad del 74.32%. Con este estudio, se pone a disposición del especialista en conductas adictivas, un conjunto de técnicas estadísticas avanzadas capaces de manejar simultáneamente una gran cantidad de variables y sujetos, así como aprender de forma automática patrones y relaciones complejas, siendo muy adecuadas para la predicción y prevención del comportamiento adictivo.

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Biografía del autor/a

Juan J. Montaño, Universidad de las Islas Baleares

Profesor Titular de Universidad en la Universidad de las Islas Baleares con el perfil de Análisis de Datos

Elena Gervilla, Universidad de las Islas Baleares

Profesora Ayudante Doctor en la Universidad de las Islas Baleares

Berta Cajal, Universidad de las islas Baleares

Profesora Titular de Universidad en la Universidad de las Islas Baleares con el perfil de Fundamentos de Metodología y de Análisis de Datos

Alfonso Palmer, Universidad de las Islas Baleares

Profesor Catedrático de Universidad en la Universidad de las Islas Baleares con el perfil de Estadística Aplicada

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Publicado
08-04-2014
Cómo citar
Montaño, J. J., Gervilla, E., Cajal, B., & Palmer, A. (2014). Técnicas de clasificación de data mining: una aplicación al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 30(2), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.2.160881
Número
Sección
Psicología y adolescencia