Influencias de la edad/orden de adquisición en las primeras etapas del procesamiento visual de palabras: indicios del priming formal homofónico en español e inglés.
Agencias de apoyo
- This work was supported by the public resources available to Uni-versity of Murcia and Swansea University.
Resumen
Las palabras aprendidas primero o más temprano en la vida se procesan más rápido, con mayor precisión y son más resistentes a lesiones cerebrales que las palabras aprendidas en un momento posterior. Este es el efecto de la edad de adquisición (EdA). Las explicaciones actuales de la EdA sitúan su influencia en el sistema semántico –la hipótesis semántica– o en las conexiones irregulares formadas entre las representaciones –la hipótesis del mapeo arbitrario. En este estudio probamos las predicciones derivadas de estas hipótesis sobre el reconocimiento visual de palabras utilizando un paradigma formal de enmascaramiento priming con un SOA corto (43 ms) y dos tareas de decisión léxica: una en español y otra en inglés. Se manipularon la EdA de las palabras target y la relación ortográfica y fonológica entre los primes y los targets. Los resultados de los análisis con LMM mostraron efectos principales de la EdA y del priming fonológico, y una interacción donde el priming fonológico solo afectó el reconocimiento de palabras adquiridas tardíamente. Ni la hipótesis semántica ni la del mapeo arbitrario explican completamente estos hallazgos. Se discuten explicaciones alternativas como la hipótesis de la completitud fonológica o la hipótesis sensoriomotora.
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