Acoso y ciberacoso, ¿qué es igual y qué es distinto? Un análisis de clases latentes
Agencias de apoyo
- Project PDC2021-121741-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/1.13039/501100011033 by the EU: “NextGenerationEU/PRTR”
Resumen
El acoso escolar y el ciberacoso se presentan como comportamientos de riesgo durante la adolescencia. Aunque se ha reconocido una importante relación entre ambos fenómenos, aspectos referidos a su prevalencia, la semejanza y diferencia entre uno y otro, la transferencia de roles, así como los aspectos emocionales, sociales y morales asociados aún están sin resolver. El objetivo fue explorar los perfiles de implicación en acoso y ciberacoso a través de un análisis de clases latentes y examinar su asociación con desconexión moral, ajuste social y normativo y rumiación de la ira. Se presenta un estudio longitudinal en dos tiempos con 3,006 escolares de secundaria (Medad = 13.53; 51.9% chicas). Se utilizaron autoinformes ampliamente validados en la población de referencia. Los resultados mostraron cuatro clases latentes: no implicados, víctimas-cibervíctimas, agresores victimizados y totalmente implicados. Análisis de regresión logística identificaron un bajo ajuste social en los totalmente implicados, bajo ajuste normativo y alta desconexión moral en perfiles mixtos, y alta rumiación de la ira en todos los perfiles de implicación, principalmente en agresores victimizados. Se discuten estos resultados en términos de su valor para comprender los matices que distinguen el acoso y ciberacoso, de la existencia de roles puros y mixtos y de las variables emocionales, sociales y morales asociadas.
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