Efectividad del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en la rehabilitación cardiovascular: Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Esta revisión sistemática evaluó la efectividad del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) en la rehabilitación cardiovascular, analizando su impacto en la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad cardíaca. Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed y Web of Science hasta el 01/08/2024 utilizando términos MeSH relacionados con “enfermedad cardíaca” y “ejercicio físico” (“High-Intensity Interval Training” AND “Heart Diseases” OR “Heart Failure”). Los resultados mostraron que el HIIT mejora significativamente el VO₂max y la función cardíaca, superando al entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT). Además, aumenta la autonomía y el bienestar de los pacientes sin elevar el riesgo de eventos adversos. En conclusión, el HIIT se establece como una estrategia clave en la rehabilitación cardíaca, proporcionando mejoras significativas en la condición cardiorrespiratoria y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad cardíaca. Su implementación optimiza los recursos en los programas de rehabilitación, ofreciendo una alternativa eficiente al MICT. Sin embargo, es fundamental continuar realizando estudios a largo plazo para validar su eficacia y seguridad en diferentes poblaciones y contextos clínicos.
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