La violencia en el deporte: Una mirada a la resistencia mental, la resolución de problemas y las tendencias violentas en jóvenes atletas activos
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre la resistencia mental, las habilidades de resolución de problemas y las actitudes hacia la violencia en el deporte entre jóvenes atletas activos. La población del estudio estuvo compuesta por personas de entre 15 y 35 años residentes en la provincia de Ankara, y la muestra incluyó a 101 atletas voluntarios que se entrenaban en diversas disciplinas deportivas en el Club de Juventud y Deporte del distrito de Etimesgut. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario de información demográfica, el Inventario de Resistencia Mental, la Escala de Resolución de Problemas Independiente–Recíproca y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron utilizando SPSS (v. 22.0), mientras que los datos cualitativos fueron evaluados mediante análisis temático. Los hallazgos indicaron que los atletas, en general, mostraron niveles superiores al promedio en resistencia mental y habilidades de resolución de problemas, mientras que sus tendencias hacia la violencia fueron relativamente bajas. Además, los atletas que obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en las subdimensiones de control emocional y manejo del estrés fueron más capaces de regular emociones negativas como la ira durante la competencia y fueron menos propensos a comportamientos agresivos. Nuestros hallazgos destacan el papel crucial de la resiliencia psicológica y el apoyo social en la prevención de la violencia en el deporte. Por lo tanto, invertir en el desarrollo mental y social de los jóvenes atletas —por parte de todos los actores involucrados, incluidos entrenadores, psicólogos deportivos, familias y administradores deportivos— parece ser una de las estrategias más eficaces para combatir la violencia en el ámbito deportivo.
Descargas
-
Resumen153
-
PDF 193
Citas
Alpman, C. (1972). Eğitimin bütünlüğü içinde beden eğitimi ve çağlar boyunca gelişimi. Millı̂ Eğitim Basımevi.
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564), 2377-2379. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070765
Anderson-Butcher, D. (2019). Youth sport as a vehicle for social development. Kinesiology Review, 8(3), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0029
Anthony, D. R., Gordon, S., Gucciardi, D. F., & Dawson, B. (2018). Adapting a behavioral coaching framework for mental toughness development. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 9(1), 32-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2017.1323058
Bandura, A. (1976). Self-reinforcement: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Behaviorism, 4(2), 135-155.
Bredemeier, B. J. L. (1994). Children's moral reasoning and their assertive, aggressive, and submissive tendencies in sport and daily life. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 1-14.
Çimen, E., Bozgüney, R., & Çiçeksöğüt, R. (2023). Spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin zihinsel antrenman becerisi ile bilinçli farkındalık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 42-52.
Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 168-193. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.2.168
Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2011.563436
Culyba, A. J., Miller, E., Albert, S. M., & Abebe, K. Z. (2019). Co-occurrence of violence-related risk and protective behaviors and adult support among male youth in urban neighborhoods. JAMA Network Open, 2(9), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11375
Erdoğan, E., & Karataş, Ş. (2019). Kadin Sporcularin Şiddet Eğilimi İle Psikolojik Durumlarinin Bazi Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 37-46.
Fidan, B., & Serin, N. B. (2021). An examination of the relationship between anger, aggression, and problem solving skills in secondary school students. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(63), 577-590.
Gervis, M., Rhind, D. & Luzar, A. (2016). Perceptions of emotional abuse in the coach athlete relationship in youth sport: the influence of competitive level and outcome. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(6), 772-779. https://doi.org/10.1177/174795411667610
Gould, D., Griffes, K., & Carson, S. (2012). Mental toughness as a life skill. In Mental toughness in sport (pp. 163-186). Routledge.
Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26-44.
Gucciardi, D. F., Jackson, B., Hodge, K., Anthony, D. R., & Brooke, L. E. (2015). Implicit theories of mental toughness: Relations with cognitive, motivational, and behavioral correlates. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(2), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000024
Gustafsson, H., Sagar, S. S., & Stenling, A. (2017). Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(12), 2091–2102. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12797
Hodge, K., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2015). Antisocial and prosocial behavior in sport: The role of motivational climate, basic psychological needs, and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(3), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0225
Hosseini, S. A., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Relation of resilience whit sport achievement and mental health in a sample of athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 633-638.
İşler, S., Çoksevim, M., Akman, T., Ünver, Ş., Öner, B., & Bilgici, A. (2025). The Effects of Endurance Training and High-Intensity Resistance Training on Pulse Wave Velocity and QT Dispersion. Healthcare, 13(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020161
Kafalı S., Hünkar İ., Keçeci O., & Demiray E. (2017). Bireysel spor ve takım sporu yapan sporcuların saldırganlık düzeylerinin araştırılması. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(50), 36-390.
Karayel, E., Adilogullari, I., & Senel, E. (2024). The role of transformational leadership in the associations between coach-athlete relationship and team resilience: A study on elite football players. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 1-10.
Kavussanu, M., & Boardley, I. D. (2009). The Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.97
Kerr, G. A., & Stirling, A. E. (2008). Child protection in sport: Implications of an athlete-centered philosophy. Quest, 60(2), 307-323.
Kerr, G., Stirling, A., & MacPherson, E. (2014). A critical examination of child protection initiatives in sport contexts. Social Sciences, 3(4), 742-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3040742
Khatri, B., Arora, S., & Goyal, A. (2022). Association between Outcomes of Physical activities and Sports on Work-Life Balance of Employees. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(2), 316-323.
Knight, C. J., Dorsch, T. E., Osai, K. V., Haderlie, K. L., & Sellars, P. A. (2016). Influences on parental involvement in youth sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 5(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000053
Koc, M. C., Talaghir, L. G., Pekel, A., Cetin, A., & Stoica, L. (2024). My sweetheart has a basketball match: The relationship between love-hate and identification of individuals attending a euroleague match for recreational purposes. PloS One, 19(7), 1-16.
Laborde, S., Dosseville, F., Guillén, F., & Chávez, E. (2014). Validity of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire in sports and its links with performance satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.05.001
Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381-394.
Lu, F. J., Lee, W. P., Chang, Y. K., Chou, C. C., Hsu, Y. W., Lin, J. H., & Gill, D. L. (2016). Interaction of athletes' resilience and coaches' social support on the stress-burnout relationship: A conjunctive moderation perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 202-209.
Mira, T., Jacinto, M., Costa, A. M., Monteiro, D., Diz, S., Matos, R., & Antunes, R. (2023). Exploring the relationship between social support, resilience, and subjective well-being in athletes of adapted sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266654
Murray, R. M., Dugdale, J. H., Habeeb, C. M., & Arthur, C. A. (2021). Transformational parenting and coaching on mental toughness and physical performance in adolescent soccer players: The moderating effect of athlete age. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 580–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1765027
Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. (2007). Coping in sport: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600630654
Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Carson, F., Thompson, M. A., & Perry, J. L. (2016). The applicability of self-regulation theories in sport: Goal adjustment capacities, stress appraisals, coping, and well-being among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.07.011
Purbaningsih, E. S., Muadi, M., & Kamila, S. (2024). Social Support and the Risk of Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents in Cirebon City. Journal of World Science, 3(12), 1690-1698. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v3i12.1249
Ramolale, M., Malete, L., & Ju, U. (2021). Mediational role of mental toughness on the relationship between self-efficacy and prosocial/antisocial behavior in elite youth sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745323
Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2013). How should we measure psychological resilience in sport performers? Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 17(4), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2013.805141
Sirin, Y. E., Aydin, Ö., & Bilir, F. P. (2018). Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Organizational Cynicism Perception: Physical Education and Sport Teachers Sample. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(9), 2008-2018.
Sønderlund, A. L., O'Brien, K., Kremer, P., Rowland, B., De Groot, F., Staiger, P., Zinkiewicz, L., & Miller, P. G. (2014). The association between sports participation, alcohol use and aggression and violence: a systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.011
Uyar, D. T., & Ercan, Z. G. (2023). A study of preschool children’s social problem solving skills. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 477-496.
Webborn, N., Williams, A., McNamee, M., Bouchard, C., Pitsiladis, Y., Ahmetov, I., Ashley, E., Byrne, N., Camporesi, S., Collins, M., Dijkstra, P., Eynon, N., Fuku, N., Garton, F. C., Hoppe, N., Holm, S., Kaye, J., Klissouras, V., Lucia, A., Maase, K., … Wang, G. (2015). Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification: Consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(23), 1486–1491. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095343
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica.
