Asociaciones del IMC y la obesidad con la alfabetización física, la capacidad pulmonar y el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio en mujeres adultas con obesidad

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.678501
Palabras clave: Obesidad, Alfabetización Física, Capacidad Pulmonar, Rendimiento Cardiorrespiratorio, Evaluación Funcional

Resumen

Este estudio tuvo como objetivos: (1) evaluar el nivel de alfabetización física en mujeres adultas con obesidad; (2) analizar su capacidad pulmonar y rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio; y (3) examinar las interrelaciones entre estas variables. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con 18 mujeres adultas con obesidad en el distrito de Tegal, Java Central, Indonesia. Las participantes fueron evaluadas mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), la alfabetización física utilizando un cuestionario validado de 24 ítems, la capacidad pulmonar mediante espirometría y el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio mediante el Test de la Caminata de Seis Minutos (6MWT). El IMC medio de las participantes fue de 31,95±4,26 kg/m², con una puntuación media de alfabetización física de 76,21±10,01 (nivel moderado). La capacidad pulmonar (CVF) promedió 1,76±0,60 L, y la relación VEF1/CVF fue de 82,14±16,63%. Las participantes recorrieron una distancia media de 352,08±32,37 metros en el 6MWT, lo que indicó un rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio reducido (63,30±6,89% del valor previsto). El nivel de obesidad se correlacionó significativamente con la capacidad pulmonar y el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio, e inversamente con la alfabetización física (p<0,05). El IMC mostró una correlación negativa significativa con la alfabetización física (p<0,05), pero no con la capacidad pulmonar (p>0,05). La mayoría de las participantes mantuvo una función pulmonar normal a pesar de la obesidad. En general, las mujeres adultas con obesidad del presente estudio mostraron una alfabetización física moderada y una función pulmonar y cardiorrespiratoria promedio. El nivel de obesidad, más que el IMC por sí solo, fue un predictor más fuerte de la reducción de la capacidad pulmonar y del rendimiento físico. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de integrar la alfabetización física en intervenciones de obesidad con enfoque de género.

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Publicado
01-07-2026
Cómo citar
Ali, M. A., Kurniawati, D. M., Noer, E. R., Anggita, G. M., Ahda, Z. Z., Setyawati, H., … Agustina, A. (2026). Asociaciones del IMC y la obesidad con la alfabetización física, la capacidad pulmonar y el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio en mujeres adultas con obesidad. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana De Ciencias Del Deporte, 15, 62. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.678501
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