Perfiles morfológicos específicos del deporte y somatotipos: un análisis comparativo de jugadores de Kabaddi y fútbol de nivel estatal

Autores/as

  • Md. Shahariar Kabir Departamento de Educación Física. Escuela de Humanidades y Artes Liberales, Universidad NIMS Rajasthan, Jaipur, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-0079
  • Sunita Yadav Departamento de Educación Física, Escuela de Humanidades y Artes Liberales, Universidad NIMS Rajasthan, Jaipur, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8628-0048
  • Sangeeta Pradhan Departamento de Educación Física. Escuela de Humanidades y Artes Liberales, Universidad NIMS Rajasthan, Jaipur, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5902-6686
  • Krisnadas Pal Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional NIMS, Universidad NIMS Rajasthan, Jaipur, India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4435-1050
  • Ilham Ilham Departamento de Salud y Recreación, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Estatal de Padang, Indonesia
  • Bekir Erhan Orhan Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Istanbul Aydın, Estambul, Turquía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-6630
  • Vlad Adrian Geantă Escuela Doctoral de Ciencias del Deporte y Educación Física, Universidad Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología POLITEHNICA de Bucarest, Centro Universitario de Pitești, Rumanía / Universidad Aurel Vlaicu de Arad, Facultad de Educación Física y Deporte, Rumanía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-1698
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.652641
Palabras clave: Antropometría, Somatotipo, Kabaddi, Fútbol, Adaptación morfológica

Resumen

Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo comparar las características antropométricas y los perfiles de somatotipo de jugadores de Kabaddi y fútbol de nivel estatal, con el propósito de identificar adaptaciones morfológicas específicas del deporte. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 24 atletas masculinos (12 de Kabaddi y 12 de fútbol; edad: 18–25 años) de Rajasthan, India. Se utilizaron protocolos estandarizados de la ISAK para evaluar los parámetros antropométricos, y los somatotipos se calcularon mediante el método de Heath–Carter. Las comparaciones entre grupos se realizaron mediante pruebas t independientes, aplicando la corrección de Bonferroni para comparaciones múltiples (α = .0033 para variables antropométricas y α = .01 para somatotipo/composición corporal). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en la endomorfia (p = .001, d = 1.18) y la ectomorfia (p = .006, d = 1.24), donde los jugadores de fútbol presentaron valores más elevados en ambos componentes. Los atletas de Kabaddi mostraron un perfil más mesomórfico-endomórfico, mientras que los futbolistas presentaron predominantemente un perfil mesomórfico-ectomórfico. Además, los diámetros del húmero (p = .002, d = 1.59) y del fémur (p = .002, d = 1.52) fueron significativamente mayores en los jugadores de fútbol. Aunque las diferencias en estatura, masa libre de grasa y pliegue cutáneo del tríceps no alcanzaron significación estadística, los tamaños del efecto elevados (d ≥ 0.74) sugieren diferencias con relevancia práctica en la estructura corporal y la composición corporal. Este estudio revela diferencias distintivas en el somatotipo y las características estructurales entre jugadores de Kabaddi y fútbol, destacando la influencia de las demandas específicas de cada deporte sobre la morfología corporal. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso del perfil antropométrico en la identificación de talentos, la optimización del rendimiento y el diseño de estrategias de entrenamiento individualizadas para atletas de deportes de alta intensidad.

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Publicado
18-07-2026
Cómo citar
Kabir, M. S., Yadav, S., Pradhan, S., Pal, K., Ilham, I., Orhan, B. E., & Geantă, V. A. (2026). Perfiles morfológicos específicos del deporte y somatotipos: un análisis comparativo de jugadores de Kabaddi y fútbol de nivel estatal. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana De Ciencias Del Deporte, 15, 68. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.652641
Número
Vol. 15 (2026)
Sección
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