Factores asociados con la participación de los adolescentes en actividades físicas fuera de la escuela
Resumen
La participación en actividades físico-deportivas extraescolares contribuye al cumplimento de las recomendaciones de actividad física en los adolescentes, pudiendo tener una influencia directa en la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la realización de actividades físico-deportivas extraescolares, evaluando su relación con diversos hábitos de vida e indicadores de salud física y psicosocial, así como la influencia de diferentes variables sociodemográficas. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre una muestra de 761 estudiantes (14,51±1,63 años) de 25 centros educativos. Se valoró la realización de actividades físico-deportivas extraescolares, nivel de actividad física, horas de sueño nocturno, adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, consumo máximo de oxígeno, índice de masa corporal, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, autoestima, satisfacción con la imagen corporal y diversos factores sociodemográficos. Tener menor edad, ser chico, poseer un nivel socioeconómico alto, haber nacido en España, residir en entornos urbanos y estar satisfecho con la imagen corporal fueron predictores de la realización de actividades físico-deportivas extraescolares. Estos factores explicaron en un 19,2% la participación físico-deportiva. Asimismo, los adolescentes que practicaban estas actividades presentaron menores tasas de sobrepeso/obesidad y valores más altos de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, actividad física, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, autoestima y consumo máximo de oxígeno. La práctica de actividad físico-deportiva extraescolar está influenciada por múltiples factores que deberían ser tenidos en cuenta para su promoción.
Descargas
Citas
Agata, K., & Monyeki, M. A. (2018). Association between sport participation, body composition, physical fitness, and social correlates among adolescents: the PAHL study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122793
Andersen, P. L., & Bakken, A. (2019). Social class differences in youths’ participation in organized sports: What are the mechanisms? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(8), 921-937. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218764626
Arufe-Giráldez, V., Barcala-Furelos, R., & Mateos-Padorno, C. (2017). Programas de deporte escolar en España e implicación de los agentes educativos. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 17(67), 397-411.
Atienza, F. L., Moreno, Y., & Balaguer, I. (2000). Análisis de la dimensionalidad de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg en una muestra de adolescentes valencianos. Revista de Psicología Universitas Tarraconensis, 22, 29-42.
Aymerich, M., Berra, S., Guillamón, I., Herdman, M., Alonso, J., Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Rajmil, L. (2005). Desarrollo de la versión en español del KIDSCREEN: un cuestionario de calidad de vida para la población infantil y adolescente. Gaceta Sanitaria, 19(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1157/13074363
Aznar, M. (2015). Análisis de las actividades físicas y deportivas extraescolares en los centros de enseñanza secundaria de la ciudad de Zaragoza [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Pablo de Olavide].
Bedard, C., Hanna, S., & Cairney, J. (2020). A longitudinal study of sport participation and perceived social competence in youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(3), 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.017
Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010). High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., ... & Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462.
Chacón-Cuberos, R., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ramírez-Granizo, I., & Castro-Sánchez, M. (2020). Physical Activity and Academic Performance in Children and Preadolescents: A Systematic Review. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 139, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2020/1).139.01
Constitución Española. (1978). Boletín Oficial del Estado, (311), 29313–29424. https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229
Currie, C., Molcho, M., Boyce, W., Holstein, B., Torsheim, T., & Richter, M. (2008). Researching health inequalities in adolescents: the development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 66(6), 1429-1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.024
Deaner, R. O., Balish, S. M., & Lombardo, M. P. (2016). Sex differences in sports interest and motivation: An evolutionary perspective. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 10(2), 73-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000049
Dortch, K. S., Gay, J., Springer, A., Kohl III, H. W., Sharma, S., Saxton, D., Wilson, K., & Hoelscher, D. (2014). The association between sport participation and dietary behaviors among fourth graders in the school physical activity and nutrition survey, 2009–2010. American Journal of Health Promotion, 29(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.130125-QUAN-47
Eime, R. M., & Harvey, J. T. (2018). Sport participation across the lifespan: Australian trends and policy implications. In Sport and physical activity across the lifespan (pp. 23-43). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., & Charity, M. J. (2019). Sport drop-out during adolescence: is it real, or an artefact of sampling behaviour? International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 11(4), 715-726. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2019.1630468
Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Sawyer, N. A., Craike, M. J., Symons, C. M., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Changes in sport and physical activity participation for adolescent females: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3203-x
Esteban-Cornejo, I., Gómez-Martínez, S., Tejero-González, C. M., Castillo, R., Lanza-Saiz, R., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., ... & Martinez-Gomez, D. (2014). Characteristics of extracurricular physical activity and cognitive performance in adolescents. The AVENA study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(17), 1596-1603.
Fairclough, S. J., Boddy, L. M., Hackett, A. F., & Stratton, G. (2009). Associations between children's socioeconomic status, weight status, and sex, with screen-based sedentary behaviours and sport participation. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 4(4), 299-305. https://doi.org/10.3109/17477160902811215
Fonseca, E., Paíno-Piñeiro, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Villazón-García, Ú., & Muñiz, J. (2009). Validation of the schizotypal personality questionnaire—brief form in adolescents. Schizophrenia Research, 111(1-3), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.006
García, L., Martinez-Gomez, D., Rodríguez-Romo, G., Cabanas-Sánchez, V., Marcos, A., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2014). Reliability and validity of an adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire on physical activity in Spanish youth. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 30(5), 1118-1124. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.5.7769
Gasol Foundation. (2022). Estudio Pasos 2022: Resultados preliminares. Gasol Foundation. https://gasolfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GF-PASOS-informe-2022-WEB.pdf
González-Calvo, G., Bores-García, D., Hortigüela-Alcalá, D., & Barba-Martín, R. A. (2018). Adherence to a Physical Exercise Program in School and Extracurricular Activities. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 134, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2018/4).134.03
Guerrero-Serón, A. (2009). Actividades extraescolares, organización escolar y logro: Un enfoque sociológico. Revista de Educación, 349, 391-411.
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1· 6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23-35.
Hoekman, R., Breedveld, K., & Kraaykamp, G. (2017). Sport participation and the social and physical environment: explaining differences between urban and rural areas in the Netherlands. Leisure Studies, 36(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1182201
Kokko, S., Martin, L., Geidne, S., Van Hoye, A., Lane, A., Meganck, J., ... & Koski, P. (2019). Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 851-858.
Kokolakakis, T., Lera-Lopez, F., & Panagouleas, T. (2012). Analysis of the determinants of sports participation in Spain and England. Applied Economics, 44(21), 2785-2798. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.566204
Leger, L. A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 6(2), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418808729800
Love, R., Adams, J., & van Sluijs, E. M. (2019). Are school-based physical activity interventions effective and equitable? A meta-analysis of cluster randomized controlled trials with accelerometer-assessed activity. Obesity Reviews, 20(6), 859-870.
Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical activity and sports—real health benefits: a review with insight into the public health of Sweden. Sports, 7(5), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127
Marconnot, R., Marín-Rojas, A. L., Jiménez-Antona, C., Pérez-Corrales, J., Güeita-Rodríguez, J., & Palacios-Ceña, D. (2020). The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207500
Martínez, D., Martínez-de-Haro, V., Pozo, T., Welk, G. J., Villagra, A., Calle, M. E., Ascensión, M., & Veiga, O. L. (2009). Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de actividad física PAQ-A en adolescentes españoles. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 83, 427-439.
Mayorga-Vega, D., Martínez-Baena, A., & Viciana, J. (2018). Does school physical education really contribute to accelerometer-measured daily physical activity and non-sedentary behaviour in high school students? Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(17), 1913-1922.
McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., O’Regan, G., Keeley, H., Cannon, M., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hadlazcky, G., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Balint, M., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Cozman, D., Haring, C., Iosue, M., Kaess, M., Kahn, J. P., Nemes, B., Podlogar, T., Poštuvan, V., Sáiz, P., Sisask, M., Tubiana, A., Värnik, P., Hoven, C., & Wasserman, D. (2017). Physical activity in European adolescents and associations with anxiety, depression and well-being. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0875-9
Meyer, U., Roth, R., Zahner, L., Gerber, M., Puder, J. J., Hebestreit, H., & Kriemler, S. (2013). Contribution of physical education to overall physical activity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(5), 600-606.
Onis, M. D., Onyango, A. W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C., & Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85, 660-667. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.043497
Palomäki, S., Hirvensalo, M., Smith, K., Raitakari, O., Männistö, S., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., & Tammelin, T. (2018). Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28‐year longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(8), 1908-1915. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13205
Pfister, G., & Sisjord, M. K. (Eds.). (2013). Gender and Sport: Changes and challenges. Waxmann Verlag.
Post, E. G., Green, N. E., Schaefer, D. A., Trigsted, S. M., Brooks, M. A., McGuine, T. A., Watson, A. M., & Bell, D. R. (2018). Socioeconomic status of parents with children participating on youth club sport teams. Physical Therapy in Sport, 32, 126-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.05.014
Reece, L. J., McInerney, C., Blazek, K., Foley, B. C., Schmutz, L., Bellew, B., & Bauman, A. E. (2020). Reducing financial barriers through the implementation of voucher incentives to promote children’s participation in community sport in Australia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8049-6
Reimers, A. K., Brzoska, P., Niessner, C., Schmidt, S. C., Worth, A., & Woll, A. (2019). Are there disparities in different domains of physical activity between school-aged migrant and non-migrant children and adolescents? Insights from Germany. PLoS One, 14(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214022
Reiner, M., Niermann, C., Jekauc, D., & Woll, A. (2013). Long-term health benefits of physical activity–a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-9.
Ridgers, N. D., Timperio, A., Crawford, D., & Salmon, J. (2012). Five-year changes in school recess and lunchtime and the contribution to children's daily physical activity. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(10), 741-746.
Saevarsson, E. S., Rognvaldsdottir, V., Stefansdottir, R., & Johannsson, E. (2021). Organized Sport Participation, Physical Activity, Sleep and Screen Time in 16-Year-Old Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063162
Serra, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., Pérez-Rodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean https://doi.org/Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931-935. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2004556
Silva, P., Sousa, M., Aires, L., Seabra, A., Ribeiro, J., Welk, G., & Mota, J. (2010). Physical activity patterns in Portuguese adolescents: The contribution of extracurricular sports. European Physical Education Review, 16(2), 171-181.
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2011). Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), 455-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007
Snyder, A. R., Martinez, J. C., Bay, R. C., Parsons, J. T., Sauers, E. L., & McLeod, T. C. V. (2010). Health-related quality of life differs between adolescent athletes and adolescent nonathletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 19(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.3.237
Somerset, S., & Hoare, D. J. (2018). Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1014-1
Sprengeler, O. L. E., Buck, C., Hebestreit, A., Wirsik, N., & Ahrens, W. (2019). Sports contribute to total moderate to vigorous physical activity in school children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(8), 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001948
Stracciolini, A., Amar-Dolan, L., Howell, D. R., Alex, T., Berkner, P., Sandstrom, N. J., Peluso, M., Kurtz, M., Mannix, R., & Meehan III, W. P. (2020). Female sport participation effect on long-term health-related quality of life. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 30(6), 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000645
Tebar, W. R., Gil, F. C., Werneck, A. O., Delfino, L. D., Silva, D. A. S., & Christofaro, D. G. (2021). Sports Participation from Childhood to Adolescence is Associated with Lower Body Dissatisfaction in Boys—A Sex-Specific Analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 25, 1465–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03177-5
Telford, R. M., Telford, R. D., Cochrane, T., Cunningham, R. B., Olive, L. S., & Davey, R. (2016). The influence of sport club participation on physical activity, fitness and body fat during childhood and adolescence: the LOOK longitudinal study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(5), 400-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.04.008
Timperio, A. F., van Stralen, M. M., Brug, J., Bere, E., Chinapaw, M. J., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Jan, N., Maes, L., Manios, Y., Moreno, L. A., Salmon, J., & Te Velde, S. J. (2013). Direct and indirect associations between the family physical activity environment and sports participation among 10–12-year-old European children: testing the EnRG framework in the ENERGY project. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-15
Vella, S. A., Swann, C., Allen, M. S., Schweickle, M. J., & Magee, C. A. (2017). Bidirectional associations between sport involvement and mental health in adolescence. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(4), 687-694. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001142
Voráčová, J., Badura, P., Hamrik, Z., Holubčíková, J., & Sigmund, E. (2018). Unhealthy eating habits and participation in organized leisure-time activities in Czech adolescents. European Journal of Pediatrics, 177(10), 1505-1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3206-y
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica.
