Intervenciones en patios escolares para aumentar la actividad física. Revisión sistemática
Resumen
La OMS recomienda a los niños y jóvenes realizar un total de 60 minutos diarios de actividad física moderada o vigorosa. El patio, por tanto, puede convertirse en un aliado para conseguir la mitad del tiempo recomendado si éste se estructura y organiza de manera óptima. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados entre los años 2013 y noviembre de 2021. El resultado final, después de los descartes, es de 23 artículos que describen las intervenciones que se establecen en un total de ocho países en 270 centros escolares y que incluyen más de 13000 alumnos. Los resultados de la mayoría de estos estudios indican que las estrategias analizadas sí tienen el potencial de incrementar la actividad física durante el recreo. Los principales hallazgos hacen incidencia en intervenir en: las condiciones de contexto, en las disponibilidades de equipo de juego, en la presencia del adulto-supervisor, en las marcas de juegos y en la cantidad de equipamiento. La actividad física durante el recreo puede aumentar a través de una intervención multicomponente. El éxito depende del compromiso de adultos activos y solidarios y de las instalaciones variadas, conectadas y bien ubicadas.
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