Effect of speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) exercises on the development of physical abilities of soccer referees in Iraq
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop exercises specifically designed to enhance the physical and motor abilities of football referees. Additionally, it sought to identify the percentage of development in the studied variables. The researchers deliberately chose to use the experimental method with a single experimental group and conducted two tests before and after, which is more suitable for achieving the objectives of the research. The research sample comprised 20 referees, with 10 being yard referees and 10 assistant referees. The following tests were used: Speed Test for Arena Referees (FIFA), Speed Endurance Test for Arena Referees, Agility Test for Assistant Referees (Coda): (FIFA), Speed Test for Assistant Referees (FIFA), Speed Endurance Test for Assistant Referees (FIFA). The researchers utilized the statistical software package SPSS to extract and analyze the results of the research variables. Statistically significant differences were observed between the pre and post-tests of the research sample, favoring the post-tests, indicating the effectiveness of the training program utilizing SAQ exercises in developing various physical and motor abilities among the individuals. The results clearly demonstrated the positive impact of this training approach. Notably, the referees exhibited a notable level of enthusiasm during the exercises, reflecting their eagerness to engage in a training method that was novel to them, which was evident in the differences observed in the results.
Downloads
References
Albaladejo Garcia, C., & Cejuela Anta, R. (2020). New proposal for the physical fitness evaluation in football referees. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 9(2), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.431131
Al-Ela, A. A. A. (1994). Swimming Training for Higher Levels. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Kazemi, D. H. (2012). Scientific Applications for Writing Educational and Psychological Theses and Dissertations. Dar Al-Kutub and Documents for Publishing.
Fatima, A. M., Nawal, M. J., & Asmaa, H. (2010). Sports training. Arab Society Library for Publishing and Distribution.
Fawzy, A. A. (2008). The psychology of sports training for young people. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
FIFA. (2021). Interval test for referees and assistant referees. FIFA.
López García, R., Lagunes Carrasco, J., Carranza García, L., & Navarro Orocio, R. (2021). Comparison of bone mineral density in soccer players and professional referees. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 10(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.461601
Peralta-Geis, M., Arboix-Alió, J., Cabedo Sanromà, J., & Mirabet Agulled, R. (2021). Influence of fatigue in decision-making in football referees. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 10(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.457131
Ridha Ali, S. (2023). Effect of CrossFit exercises on the prevention of lower extremity injuries and the improvement of physical and biochemical variables in soccer players. Atena Journal of Public Health, 5, 5.
Sánchez García, C., Zauder, R., & López Sánchez, G. F. (2019). Analysis of body composition and physical fitness of futsal players at school age according to their level of physical activity, diet and body image. Atena Journal of Sports Sciences, 1, 4.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
