Physical fitness and its association with lean mass in Mexican football players
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare fitness test results between playing position groups of college football players and to analyze the association of lean mass percentage with fitness tests. Eighty-seven football players were assessed for lean mass and seven fitness tests. Differences were found between linemen, big skill players and skill players (p ≤ .001) on fitness tests. Negative associations were found for quickness and agility tests (p ≤ .001), and positive associations were found for strength and jumping tests (p ≤ .001) with lean mass. Linemen were the lowest in lean mass and slowest in the physical tests; and skill players represented the highest lean mass values with the best physical test scores.
Downloads
References
Alemdaroğlu, U. (2012). The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of human kinetics, 31, 149. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0016-6
Anding, R., & Oliver, J. M. (2015). Football player body composition: importance of monitoring for performance and health. Sports Science Exchange, 28, 1-8.
Anzell, A. R., Potteiger, J. A., Kraemer, W. J., & Otieno, S. (2013). Changes in height, body weight, and body composition in American football players from 1942 to 2011. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(2), 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827f4c08
Boland, M., Delude, K., & Miele, E. M. (2019). Relationship between physiological off-ice testing, on-ice skating, and game performance in division I female ice hockey players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(6), 1619-1628. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002265
Borchers, J. R., Clem, K. L., Habash, D. L., Nagaraja, H. N., Stokley, L. M., & Best, T. M. (2009). Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in Division 1 collegiate football players. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(12). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181abdfec
Bosch, T. A., Burruss, T. P., Weir, N. L., Fielding, K. A., Engel, B. E., Weston, T. D., & Dengel, D. R. (2014). Abdominal body composition differences in NFL football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(12), 3313-3319. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000650
Carlock, J. M., Smith, S. L., Hartman, M. J., Morris, R. T., Ciroslan, D. A., Pierce, K. C., ... & Stone, M. H. (2004). The relationship between vertical jump power estimates and weightlifting ability: a field-test approach. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(3), 534-539. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200408000-00025
Castañón-Rojas, F. L. (2020). Importancia y beneficios de la intervención fisioterapéutica en jugadores de futbol americano. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 57(4), 241-246.
Davis, D. S., Barnette, B. J., Kiger, J. T., Mirasola, J. J., & Young, S. M. (2004). Physical characteristics that predict functional performance in Division I college football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(1), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200402000-00017
Dengel, D. R., Bosch, T. A., Burruss, T. P., Fielding, K. A., Engel, B. E., Weir, N. L., & Weston, T. D. (2014). Body composition and bone mineral density of national football league players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000299
El economista. (2022). Conferencia de los 14-Grandes Grupo A. Disponible de: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/deportes/Conferencia-de-los-14-Grandes-Grupo-A-20210825-0063.html Recuperado el 14 de diciembre de 2023.
Esparza Ros, F., Vaquero Cristóbal, R., & Marfell Jones, M. (2019). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment-International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM).
Fullagar, H. H., McCunn, R., & Murray, A. (2017). Updated review of the applied physiology of American college football: physical demands, strength and conditioning, nutrition, and injury characteristics of America’s favorite game. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(10), 1396-1403. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0783
Gabbett, T. I. M., Kelly, J., & Pezet, T. (2007). Relationship between physical fitness and playing ability in rugby league players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1126-1133. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20936.1
Gillen, Z. M., Shoemaker, M. E., McKay, B. D., & Cramer, J. T. (2019). Performance differences between national football league and high school American football combine participants. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 90(2), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1571679
Harp, J. B., & Hecht, L. (2005). Obesity in the national football league. Jama, 293(9), 1058-1062. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.9.1061-b
Hoffman, J. R., Cooper, J., Wendell, M., & Kang, J. (2004). Comparison of Olympic vs. traditional power lifting training programs in football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(1), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200402000-00019
Hoffman, J. (2006). Norms for fitness, performance, and health. Human Kinetics.
Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., & Kang, J. (2011). Performance changes during a college playing career in NCAA division III football athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2351-2357. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821743df
Jacobson, B. H., Conchola, E. G., Glass, R. G., & Thompson, B. J. (2013). Longitudinal morphological and performance profiles for American, NCAA Division I football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(9), 2347-2354. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827fcc7d
Jacobson, B. H. (2014). A comparison of allometric scaling methods for normalizing strength, power, and speeed in American football players. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 55(6), 621-627.
Jeffreys, I. (2007). Warm-up revisited: The ‘RAMP’ method of optimising performance preparation. Professional Strength and Conditioning, 6, 12–18
Kim, J., Delisle-Houde, P., Reid, R. E., & Andersen, R. E. (2018). Longitudinal changes in body composition throughout successive seasonal phases among Canadian University football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2284-2293. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002011
Klossner, D., Corlette, J., Agel, J., & Marshall, S. W. (2009). Data-Driven Decision Making in Practice: The NCAA Injury Surveillance System. New Directions for Institutional Research, 144, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.313
Kraemer, W. J., Torine, J. C., Silvestre, R., French, D. N., Ratamess, N. A., Spiering, B. A., ... & Volek, J. S. (2005). Body size and composition of National Football League players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 19(3), 485. https://doi.org/10.1519/18175.1
Mazess, R. B., Barden, H. S., Bisek, J. P., & Hanson, J. (1990). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 51(6), 1106-1112. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1106
Miller, T. A. (2012). NSCA's Guide to Tests and Assessments. Human Kinetics.
Miller, T. A., White, E. D., Kinley, K. A., Congleton, J. J., & Clark, M. J. (2002). The effects of training history, player position, and body composition on exercise performance in collegiate football players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 16(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200202000-00008
National Invitational Camp (2022). History. Disponible en: http://www.nflcombine.net/history/. Recuperado el 14 de diciembre de 2023.
Nikolaidis, P. T., Asadi, A., Santos, E. J., Calleja-González, J., Padulo, J., Chtourou, H., & Zemkova, E. (2015). Relationship of body mass status with running and jumping performances in young basketball players. Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal, 5(3), 187. https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.03.2015.08
Orellana, G. (2009). El fútbol americano en las instituciones de educación superior en México. Razón y Palabra, 69 [fecha de Consulta 14 de diciembre de 2023]. ISSN: Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199520330047
Pryor, J. L., Huggins, R. A., Casa, D. J., Palmieri, G. A., Kraemer, W. J., & Maresh, C. M. (2014). A profile of a National Football League team. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000303
Ribeiro, B. G., Mota, H. R., Sampaio-Jorge, F., Morales, A. P., & Leite, T. C. (2015). Correlation between body composition and the performance of vertical jumps in basketball players. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 18, 69-79.
Robbins, D. W. (2010). The National Football League (NFL) combine: Does normalized data better predict performance in the NFL draft? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(11), 2888-2899. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f927cc
Robbins, D. W. (2012). Relationships between National Football League combine performance measures. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 226-231. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821d5e1b
Robbins, D. W., & Young, W. B. (2012). Positional relationships between various sprint and jump abilities in elite American football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318225b5fa
Schmidt, W. D. (1999). Strength and physiological characteristics of NCAA Division III American football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13, 210-213. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199908000-00005
Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591
Sierer, S. P., Battaglini, C. L., Mihalik, J. P., Shields, E. W., & Tomasini, N. T. (2008). The National Football League Combine: performance differences between drafted and nondrafted players entering the 2004 and 2005 drafts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815ef90c
Steffes, G. D., Megura, A. E., Adams, J., Claytor, R. P., Ward, R. M., Horn, T. S., & Potteiger, J. A. (2013). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors in high school and NCAA division I football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(7), 1749-1757. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827367cd
Turnagöl, H. H. (2016). Body composition and bone mineral density of collegiate American football players. Journal of human kinetics, 51, 103. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0164
Vitale, J. A., Caumo, A., Roveda, E., Montaruli, A., La Torre, A., Battaglini, C. L., & Carandente, F. (2016). Physical attributes and NFL combine performance tests between Italian National League and American football players: a comparative study. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(10), 2802-2808. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001377
Waldron, M., Worsfold, P., Twist, C., & Lamb, K. (2014). Changes in anthropometry and performance, and their interrelationships, across three seasons in elite youth rugby league players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(11), 3128-3136. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000445
Wellman, A. D., Coad, S. C., Goulet, G. C., & McLellan, C. P. (2016). Quantification of competitive game demands of NCAA division I college football players using global positioning systems. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001206
Yamamoto, J. B., Yamamoto, B. E., Yamamoto, P. P., & Yamamoto, L. G. (2008). Epidemiology of college athlete sizes, 1950s to current. Research in sports medicine, 16(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620802103320
Yamashita, D., Asakura, M., Ito, Y., Yamada, S., & Yamada, Y. (2017). Physical characteristics and performance of Japanese top-level American football players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(9), 2455. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001714
Ye, X., Loenneke, J. P., Fahs, C. A., Rossow, L. M., Thiebaud, R. S., Kim, D., ... & Abe, T. (2013). Relationship between lifting performance and skeletal muscle mass in elite powerlifters. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 53(4), 409-414.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.