Design and evaluation of a program for the improvement of the physical fitness in Primary Education
Abstract
The objective was to design a program to improve physical fitness and evaluate its effect on the intent to remain active and general self-esteem. An 8-week program of activities was designed to improve physical fitness in Physical Education, in addition to sports physical activity at recess. The quasi-experimental design included 70 schoolchildren (39 experimental group; 31 control group) from 6th grade of Primary Education. The high priority ALPHA-Fitness battery, the intentionality scale of being physically active in Primary Education, and the Multimedia and Multilingual Self-esteem Evaluation Questionnaire were used as measuring instruments. The effectiveness of the program was found in all the variables studied, especially in the improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity, jumping capacity and the socio-affective dimension of self-esteem. The importance of these programs in the improvement of the physical, psychological and social health of the students is highlighted.
Downloads
References
Abad, B., y Cañada, D. (2014). Unidades Didácticas Activas. Ministerio de sanidad, servicios sociales e igualdad. Centro de publicaciones.
Álvarez-Bueno, C., Pesce, C., Cavero-Redondo, I., Sánchez-López, M., Garrido-Miguel, M. y Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., (2017). Academic Achievement and Physical Activity: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 140(6), e20171498.
Bicanin, P., Milenkovic, S., Radovanovic, D., Gajevic, A. y Ivanovic, J. (2018). Effects of programmed firness exercise on body composition among pre-school children. Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 47-56.
Camacho-Miñano, M.J., Fernández García, E., Ramírez, E., y Blández, J. (2013). La Educación Física escolar en la promoción de la actividad física orientada a la salud en la adolescencia: una revisión sistemática de programas de intervención. Revista Complutense de Educación, 24(1), 9-26.
Contreras, O.R., Pastor-Vicedo, J.C., Gil, P. y Tortosa, M. (2014). Intervención escolar para corregir el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Diseño, implementación y evaluación de un programa de educación física para primer ciclo de ESO. Trauma 25(4), 200-204.
Currie, C., Gabhainn, S. N. y Godeau, E. (2008). Inequalities in young people’s health. Health behaviour in school-aged children. (pp. 105-112). Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Dallolio, L., Ceciliani, A., Sanna, T., Garulli, A. y Leoni, E. (2016). Proposal for an Enhanced Physical Education Program in the Primary School: Evaluation of Feasibility and Effectiveness in Improving Physical Skills and Fitness. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13,1025-1034.
Deem, R. y Gilroy, S. (1998). Physical Activity, Life-Long Learning and Empowerment: Situating Sport in Women’s Leisure. Sport, Education and Society, 3, 89-104.
Diamond, A.B. (2015). The cognitive benefits of exercise in youth. American College of Sport Medicine, 14(4), 320-6.
Eather, N., Morgan, P.J. y Revalds, D. (2016). Improving health-related fitness in adolescents: the CrossFit TeensTM randomised controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(3), 209-223.
Estero, J. L. A., Oliva, F. J. C., y Lucas, J. L. Y. (2013). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de intencionalidad de ser físicamente activo en Educación Primaria. Revista de Educación, 362, 485-505.
Faison-Hodge, J. y Porretta, D.L. (2004). Physical activity levels of students with mental retardation and students without disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 21, 139-154.
Fernández-Bustos, J.G., y Abellán, J. (2016). Los juegos y deportes alternativos. En Gil, P. y Abellán, J. (Eds). Mediación Educativa. Juegos, Ocio y Recreación (pp 115-128). Madrid: Pirámide. I.S.B.N.: 978-84-368-3610-3
Fernández-Bustos, J. G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., y Contreras, O. R. (2019). Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Concept: Theoretical Model on the Mediation of Body Image and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1537. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537
García-Cantó, E. y García-López, A. (2010). El autoconcepto y la práctica de actividad física en primaria. Trances, 3(2), 187-200.
Guillamón, A.R., Garcia-Cantó, E. y Carrillo, P.J. (2019). Actividad física, condición física y autoconcepto en escolares de 8 a 12 años. Retos, 35, 236-241.
Guillamón, A.R., García-Cantó, E., Pérez, J.J. y Rodríguez, P.L. (2015). Capacidad aeróbica y su relación con parámetros de la condición física saludable en escolares. Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud UDES, 2(2), 90-96.
Hein, V., Müür, M., y Koka, A. (2004). Intention to be physically active after school graduation and its relationship to three types of intrinsic motivation. European Physical Education Review, 10, 5-19.
Janssen, I. y LeBlanc, A.G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(40), 1-16.
Janz, K.F., Dawson, J.D. y Mahoney, L.T. (2002). Increases in Physical Fitness During Childhood Improve Cardiovascular Health During Adolescence: the Muscatine Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(S1), 15-21.
Kyle, T.L., Hernández, A., Reigal, R.E., Morales, V. (2016). Efectos de la actividad física en el autoconcepto y la autoeficacia en preadolescentes. Retos, 29, 61-65.
Londsdale, C., Rosenkranz, R.R., Peralta, R.L., Bennie, A., Fahey, P. y Lubans, D.R. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school physical education lessons. Preventive Medicine, 56, 152-161.
Manchola-González, J., Bagur-Calafat, C., y Girabent-Farrés, M. (2017). Fiabilidad de la versión española del cuestionario de actividad física PAQ-C. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte 17(65), 139-152
Mocha, J.A., Garcés, S.E., Medina, S.V., Castro, W.E. y Suntasig, M.G. (2018). Análisis del consumo máximo de oxígeno (vo2máx) post intervención de un programa en juegos pre-deportivos. Ciencia Digital, 2(2), 232-247.
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, UNESCO, Educación Física de Calidad (EFC): guía para los responsables políticos (París, 2015), https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231340
Ortega, F.B., Artero, E.G., Ruiz, J.R., España-Romero, V., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., … Castillo, M.J. (2011). Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 20-29.
Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Castillo, M.J., y Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1–11
Powell, E., Woodfield, L.A. y Nevill, A.M. (2016). Increasing physical activity levels in primary school physical education: The SHARP Principles Model. Preventive Medicine Reports, 3, 7-13.
Ruiz, J.R., España, V., Castro, J., Artero, E.G., Ortega, F.B., Cuenca, M., …Castillo, M.J. (2011). Batería ALPHA-Fitness: test de campo para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes. Nutrición hospitalaria, 26(6), 1210-1214.
Shavelson, R.J., Hubner, J.J., y Stanton, G.C. (1976). Self-Concept: Validation of Construct Interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), 407-441.
Siedentop, D. (1994). Sport education: Quality PE through positive sport experiences. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Strong, W.B., Malina, R.M., Blimkie, C.J., Daniels, S.R., Dishman, R.K., Gutin, B., … Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of Pediatrics, 146(6), 732-7.
Trudeau, F. y Shephard, R.J. (2005). Contribution of school programmes to physical activity levels and attitudes in children and adults. Sports Medicine, 35(2), 89-105.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.