Effect of a virtually supervised fitness program on physical fitness and perceived stress in university teachers during lockdown by COVID-19
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a virtually supervised fitness program on physical fitness and perceived stress in university teachers during lockdown due to COVID-19. A total of 15 university teachers participated in a virtual fitness program based on new fitness trends (4-weeks / 2-days / week / 45-minutes / session) during COVID-19 lockdown. Perceived physical fitness using the International-Fitness-Scale (IFiS) and perceived stress using the Perceived-Stress-Questionnaire (PSQ-30) were evaluated pre and post intervention. The virtual fitness program significantly improved the perception of general physical fitness (p = 0.011) and muscle strength (p = 0.024), and generated a significant decrease in the perception of stress (p <0.001). A virtually supervised fitness program based on the “whole-body HIIT” fitness trend could be an effective strategy to ensure healthy levels of physical fitness and stress in university teachers during confinement situations.
Downloads
References
Borg, G. (1990). Psychophysical scaling with applications in physical work and the perception of exertion. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 16, 55-58. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1815
Carlos Jorquera, A., & Jorge Cancino, L. (2012). Ejercicio, Obesidad y Sindrome Metabólico. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 23(3), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-8640(12)70305-X
Floyd, A., & Moyer, A. (2010). Group versus individual exercise interventions for women with breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 4(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437190903384291
Fountaine, C. J., Piacentini, M., & Liguori, G. A. (2014). Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Among University Employees. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(4), 295-301.
Freyssin, C., Verkindt, C., Prieur, F., Benaich, P., Maunier, S., & Blanc, P. (2012). Cardiac Rehabilitation in Chronic Heart Failure: Effect of an 8-Week, High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Continuous Training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(8), 1359-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.007
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
Graupensperger, S., Gottschall, J. S., Benson, A. J., Eys, M., Hastings, B., & Evans, M. B. (2019). Perceptions of groupness during fitness classes positively predict recalled perceptions of exertion, enjoyment, and affective valence: An intensive longitudinal investigation. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 8(3), 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000157
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077-e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
Heinrich, K. M., Crawford, D. A., Langford, C. R., Kehler, A., & Andrews, V. (2019). High-Intensity Functional Training Shows Promise for Improving Physical Functioning and Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 1. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000251
Kokkinos, P. (2012). Physical Activity, Health Benefits, and Mortality Risk. ISRN Cardiology, 2012, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/718789
Lambert, M. I., & Borresen, J. (2010). Measuring Training Load in Sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(3), 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.406
Lavie, C. J., Ozemek, C., Carbone, S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Blair, S. N. (2019). Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Circulation Research, 124(5), 799-815. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312669
Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M. L., Berto, E., Luzi, C., & Andreoli, A. (1993). Development of the perceived stress questionnaire: A new tool for psychosomatic research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 37(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90120-5
Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., Bovo, C., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Diagnosis, 7(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2020-0041
López Chicharro, J., & Vicente Campos, D. (2018). HIIT de la teoría a la prática.
Machado, A. F., Baker, J. S., Figueira Junior, A. J., & Bocalini, D. S. (2019). High‐intensity interval training using whole‐body exercises: Training recommendations and methodological overview. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 39(6), 378-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12433
Maiorana, A., Levinger, I., Davison, K., Smart, N., & Coombes, J. (2018). Exercise prescription is not just for medical doctors: The benefits of shared care by physicians and exercise professionals. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(13), 879-880. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096994
Martland, R., Mondelli, V., Gaughran, F., & Stubbs, B. (2020). Can high-intensity interval training improve physical and mental health outcomes? A meta-review of 33 systematic reviews across the lifespan. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(4), 430-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1706829
Maugeri, G., Castrogiovanni, P., Battaglia, G., Pippi, R., D’Agata, V., Palma, A., Di Rosa, M., & Musumeci, G. (2020). The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 6(6), e04315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315
McRae, G., Payne, A., Zelt, J. G. E., Scribbans, T. D., Jung, M. E., Little, J. P., & Gurd, B. J. (2012). Extremely low volume, whole-body aerobic–resistance training improves aerobic fitness and muscular endurance in females. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37(6), 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1139/h2012-093
Merellano-Navarro, E., Collado-Mateo, D., García-Rubio, J., Gusi, N., & Olivares, P. R. (2017). Validity of the International Fitness Scale “IFIS” in older adults. Experimental Gerontology, 95, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.001
Myers, J., Kaykha, A., George, S., Abella, J., Zaheer, N., Lear, S., Yamazaki, T., & Froelicher, V. (2004). Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men. The American Journal of Medicine, 117(12), 912-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.047
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2018). Actividad física. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
Rawat, N. S., & Choudhary, K. C. (2020). Coping Strategies with Stress and Anxiety of Tri-Pillar of the Education System in COVID-19 Pandemic Period (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3596912). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596912
Rodríguez, F. (1994). Cuestionario de Aptitud para la Actividad Física (C-AAF), versión catalana/castellana del PAR-Q revisado. Apunts Medicina de l’Esport (Castellano), 31, 301-310.
Sanz-Carrillo, C., Garcı́a-Campayo, J., Rubio, A., Santed, M. A., & Montoro, M. (2002). Validation of the Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(3), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00275-6
Shellock, F. G. (1983). Physiological Benefits of Warm-Up. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 11(10), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1983.11708664
Tarr, B., Robin I. M. Dunbar, & Jacques Launay. (2014). Music and social bonding: “Self-other” merging and neurohormonal mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
Telles, S., Gaur, V., & Balkrishna, A. (2009). Effect of a Yoga Practice Session and a Yoga Theory Session on State Anxiety. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109(3), 924-930. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.3.924-930
Thompson, W. R. (2019). WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF FITNESS TRENDS FOR 2020: ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal, 23(6), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000526
Vojciechowski, A. S., Natal, J. Z., Gomes, A. R. S., Rodrigues, E. V., Villegas, I. L. P., & Korelo, R. I. G. (2017). Effects of exergame training on the health promotion of young adults. Fisioterapia Em Movimento, 30(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao06
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.