Sports centers users profile from their expectations
Abstract
The needs from users of sports centers have been changing in recent years. For this reason, it is necessary to analyse users’ profile and its relationship with service expectations. Analysed from the classical theory of disconfirmation of expectations, the present study aims to review the profiles of three user groups in sports centers: those for whom their expectations are not met, those who seems satisfied and those who believe that they have been overcome with the service. The data was collected through a survey of users of three municipal sports centers in Barcelona. An ANOVA analysis reveals that age is a key variable, with young users having a more positive perception of the offer, while the group of middle-aged users seems fulfil their expectations in a lesser degree. In addition, the results show that there is a set of users who despite having stated that the center does not meet their expectations, continue as subscribers in it, contradicting the theory of disconfirmation of expectations. Finally, a set of practical applications aimed at the analysis, and management, of user expectations. Also, some fidelity policies are exposed.
Downloads
References
Afthinos, Y., Theodorakis, N. D., y Nassis, P. (2005). Customers’ expectations of service in Greek fitness centers: Gender, age, type of sport center, and motivation differences. Managing Service Quality, 15(3), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520510597809
Bodet, G. (2006). Investigating customer satisfaction in a health club context by an application of the tetraclasse model. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 149-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 16184740600954148
Buckworth, J., y Dishman, R. K. (2002). Determinants of exercise and physical activity. Exercise psychology, 191-209.
Burgos Gil, M. Á., y Cepero González, M. (2019). Clasificación de los centros deportivos fitness en función del númeor de clientes y de trabajadores. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes, 426(24), 210-218.
Calabuig, F., Molina, N. M., y Núñez-Pomar, J. (2012). Una aplicación inicial del modelo tridimensional de calidad de servicio en centros deportivos privados. E-Balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias Del Deporte, 8(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.362281
Clavel San Emeterio, I. (2017). Creación de un modelo predictivo de bajas en centros depotivos. Tesis. Universidade da Coruña
Deloitte (2019). European Helath & Fitness Market. Report 2019. Disponible en: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/es/Documents/acerca-de-deloitte/Deloitte-ES-TMT-European-Health-Fitness-Market-2019.pdf
Dorado, A. y Gallardo, L. (2004). La satisfacción del consumidor deportivo los servicios públicos. Investigación y Marketing, 83, 26-30.
Elasri-Ejjaberi, A., Triadó, X., y Aparicio, P. (2015). La satisfacción de los clientes de los centros deportivos municipales de Barcelona. Apunts. Educació Física i Esports, 119(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2015/1).119.08
Elasri-Ejjaberi, A., Triadó, X. M., & Aparicio-Chueca, M. (2016). Los usuarios de los centros deportivos públicos: una aproximación de segmentación sobre hábitos deportivos y satisfacción. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 25(3), p.15-18.
Elasri-Ejjaberi, A. (2018). Estrategias para la fidelización en empresas de servicios y acciones sobre procesos para el cambio organizativo. Aplicaciones en el sector de las instalaciones deportivas en España. Tesis doctoral.
García-Fernández, J., Sánchez-Oliver, A.J., Grimaldi-Puyana, M., Fernández-Gavira, J., Gálvez-Ruiz, P. (2017). La calidad y la fidelidad del cliente: Un análisis de segmentación en centros de fitness low-cost. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(3), 17-22.
García Fernández, J. (2016) El gasto económico en centros de fitness low-cost: Diferencias según fidelidad y características del cliente. Sport TK: Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 5, 137-143
García-Fernández, J., Fernández-Gavira, J., Bernal, A. (2014). La percepción de calidad y fidelidad en clientes de centros deportivos de fitness low-cost. Suma psicológica, 21(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0121-4381(14)70015-3
Howat, G., y Assaker, G. (2013). The hierarchical effects of perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical results from public, outdoor aquatic centres in Australia. Sport Management Review, 16(3), 268–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2012.10.001
Howat, G., y Assaker, G. (2016). Outcome quality in participant sport and recreation service quality models: Empirical results from public aquatic centres in Australia. Sport Management Review, 19(5), 520–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.04.002
Howat, G., Crilley, G., y Mcgrath, R. (2008). A focused service quality, benefits, overall satisfaction and loyalty model for public aquatic centres. Managing Leisure, 13(3–4), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606710802200829
Kotler, P. (2009). Dirección de Marketing. Madrid: Prentice-Hall.
Lee, J.-H., Kim, H.-D., Ko, Y. J., y Sagas, M. (2011). The influence of service quality on satisfaction and intention: A gender segmentation strategy. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.02.002
Molina, N., Mundina, J., Gómez-Tafalla, A. (2019). Perfil del usuario de centros deportivos privados, según género, edad y nivel de antigüedad. Sport TK: Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 8(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.362281
Murray, D., y Howat, G. (2002). The Relationships among Service Quality, Value, Satisfaction, and Future Intentions of Customers at an Australian Sports and Leisure Centre. Sport Management Review, 5(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1441-3523(02)70060-0
Nuviala Nuviala, A., Grao-Cruces, A., Teva-Villén, R., Pérez-Ordás, R., y Blanco-Luengo, D. (2016). Validez de constructo de la escala motivos de abandono de centros deportivos. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 16(61), 1-15.
Nuviala, R. N., Teva-Villén, M. R., Pérez-Ordás, R., Grao-Cruces, A., Fajardo, J. A. T., y Nuviala, A. N. (2014). Segmentación de usuarios de servicios deportivos. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 25, 90-94. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.41135
O´Brien y Sattler (2003). Getting lost members back. Fitness Management, 19(6), 29-29
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., y Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: a multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Reichheld, F.F., y Teal, T. (2001). The loyalty effect: the hidden force behind growth, profits and lasting value. Harvard Business School Press. Boston, Mass. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1996.9603293227
Rial, A., Alonso, D., Rial, J., Picón, E., y Varela, J. (2009). Un intento de segmentación integral de los usuarios de centros deportivos. Apunts. Educación física y deportes, 95, 82-91. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2010.01804
Rial-Boubeta, J., Varela-Mallou, J., & Rial-Boubeta, A. (2010). Modelización y medida de la Calidad Percibida en centros deportivos: la escala QSport-10. (Modelling and Measuring Perceived Quality in Sports Centres: QSport-10 scale). Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 6, 57-73. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2010.01804
Rodríguez-Cañamero, S., García-Unanue, J., Peñas, L., & Gallardo, L. (2015). Hábitos futuros de los ex-clientes en centros deportivos. Journal of Sports Economics & Managmentent, 5, 54-64.
Serrano-Gómez, V., Rial, A., García-García, O., y Gambau, V. (2011). El perfil del usuario en clubes de golf sociales mixtos con campos de 9 hoyos en Galicia: Un intento de segmentación desde la perspectiva de género. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 11(2), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-66-2011-943-505-525
Silcox, S., y Soutar, G. N. (2009). Patrons’ intentions to continue using a recreation centre: a suggested model. Managing Leisure, 14(3), 177–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606710902945117
Triadó, X. M., Aparicio, P., & Rimbau, E. (1999). Identification of factors of customer satisfaction in municipal sport centres in Barcelona. Some suggestions for satisfaction improvement. The Cyber-Journal of Sport Marketing, 3, 1-12.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.
The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013
2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.
3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.