Ghanaian women in sports: Barriers and strategies for improving participation in sports leadership positions in Ghana

Authors

  • Abena Nkrumah Adasa Department of Educational Studies, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (AAMUSTED), Ghana.  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1835-0199
  • Daniel Apaak Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Stephen Addae Kyekyehene Department of Science, St. Monica's  College of Education, Mampong, Ghana.
  • Jude Domokyile Nayasama C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564261
Keywords: Leadership, Sports, Women, Barriers

Abstract

The study explored the barriers that hinder women's participation in sports leadership in Ghana and the effective strategies to overcome the obstacles. Interpretivist research paradigm was adopted. Sample frame was made of women leaders in Ghanaian sports organizations. Data was collected using interview guides, and analyzed with the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The study revealed that institutional barriers and individual mindsets of women in sports were among the most significant factors limiting women’s leadership involvement. Promoting women’s education and fostering a broader shift in organizational culture can lead to increased female representation in professional sports organizations. In conclusion, further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to understand why women’s participation in sports leadership is not adequately reflected in current legislation or outdated sports policies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Views/Downloads
  • Abstract
    61
  • PDF
    58

References

Acosta, R. V., & Carpenter, L. J. (2014). Women in intercollegiate sport: A longitudinal study– thirty-seven-year update, 1972–2014. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 9(2), 1-10.

Aman, M. P., Hanapi, S., Yusof, A., Razali, A. B., & Dev, R. D. (2019). Women in Sport Leadership Positions in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 1506–1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i11/6715

Ashkanasy, N. M., & Humphrey, R. H. (2011). Current emotion research in organizational behavior. Emotion Review, 3(2), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910391684

Babic, A., & Hansez, I. (2021). The glass ceiling for women managers: Antecedents and consequences for work-family interface and well-being at work. Frontiers of Psychology, 12, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618250

Bari, F. (2005). Women’s political participation: Issues and challenges. Journal of Politics, 65(4), 133-144.

Boeije, H. (2010). Analysis in qualitative research. Sage publication Inc.

Burton, L. J. (2015). Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 155-165.

Burton, L. J. (2019). Under-representation of women in leadership roles in women’s sport. In N. Lough, A. N. Geurin (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of the Business of Women's Sport (pp. 255-268). Routledge.

Burton, L. J., & Leberman, S. (Eds.). (2017). Women in sport leadership: Research and Practice for Change. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Burton, L. J., Borland, J., & Mazerolle, S. M. (2012). “They cannot seem to get past the gender issue”: Experiences of young female athletic trainers in NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review, 15(3), 304–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2012.01.001

Charway, D., & Houlihan, B. (2020). Country profile of Ghana: sport, politics and nation-building. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(3), 497-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1775677

Cunningham, G. B., & Sagas, M. (2007). Access discrimination in intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 29(2), 148-163.

Darnell, S., Joseph, J., & Nakamura, Y. (2012). Race and sport in Canada: Intersecting inequalities. ON: Canadian Scholars’ Press.

De Keyser, B., Guiette, A., & Vandenbempt, K. (2019). On the use of paradox for generating theoretical contributions in management and organization research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 21(2), 143-161.

Eason, C. M., Mazerolle, S. M., & Goodman, A. (2014). Motherhood and work-life balance in the national collegiate athletic association division I setting: Mentors and the female athletic trainer. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(4), 532-539.

Ghana Statistical Service. (2020). Population and housing census. Ghana Statistical Service.

Kawakami, C., White, J. B., & Langer, E. J. (2000). Mindful and masculine: Freeing women leaders from the constraints of gender roles. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00151

Lee, Y. H., & Chelladurai, P. (2017). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, coach burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in sport leadership. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(4), 393-412.

Leroux, K. (2009). Unpensioned veterans: Women teachers and the politics of public service in the late-nineteenth-century United States. Journal of Women's History, 21(11), 34-62.

Lough, N. L., & Grappendorf, H. (2007). Senior woman administrator’s perspectives on professional advancement. International Journal of Sport Management, 8(2), 193–209.

Lyness, K. S., & Grotto, A. R. (2018). Women and leadership in the United States: Are we closing the gender gap? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 227-265.

Marback, T. L., Short, S. E., Short, M. W., & Sullivan, P. J. (2005). Coaching confidence: An exploratory investigation of sources and gender differences. Journal of Sport Behavior, 28, 18-35.

Mazerolle, S. M., Burton, L., & Cotrufo, R. J. (2015). The experiences of female athletic trainers in the role of the head athletic trainer. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.50

McLellan, E., MacQueen, K. M., & Neidig, J. L. (2003). Beyond the qualitative interview: Data preparation and transcription. Field Methods, 15(1), 63-84.

Mensah, B. N. (2019). WOSPAG Colloquim: Women’s sports empowerment colloquium. https://ghananewsagency.org

M'mbaha, J. M. (2012). Experiences of women in sports leadership in Kenya [Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia].

Moore, M. E., Parkhouse, B. L., & Konrad, A. M. (2001). Women in sport management: Advancing the representation through HRM structures. Gender in Management; An International Journal, 25(2), 104-118

National Sports Authority. (20th March, 2021). Organizational structure. https://sportsauthority.gov.gh/organisational-structure/

Njororai, S. W. W. (2015). Women athletes emerging from the shadow of men in Kenya: Evidence from the Commonwealth, olympic and world athletics championships. Journal of Sport in Society Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 19(7), 106-115.

Pastore, D. L., Inglis, S., & Danylchuk, K. E. (1996). Retention factors in coaching and athletic management: differences by gender, position, and geographic location. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 20(4), 427-441.

Pfister, G. (2010). Women in sport–gender relations and future perspectives. Sport in Society, 13(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430903522954

Shaw, S. & Frisby, W. (2006). Can gender equity be more equitable? Promoting an alternative frame for sport management research, education, and practice. Journal of Sport Management, 20(4), 483-509. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.4.483

Torchia, M., Calabro, A., Gabaldon, P., & Kanadli, S. B. (2018). Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 34(2), 215-224.

Tsikata, D., Rodriguez, C. R., & Ampofo, J. A. A. (2015). Transatlantic feminisms: Women and gender studies in Africa and the diaspora. Lexington Books.

Walseth, K. (2006). Young muslim women and sport: The impact of identity work. Leisure Studies, 25(1), 75-94.

Women and Girls Empowered. (2022). Preliminary gender & inclusion analysis for Ghana. WAGE.

Yang, Y., Chawla, N. V., & Uzzi, B. (2019). A network’s gender composition and communication pattern predict women’s leadership success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(6), 2033-2038. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721438116

Yartey, L. A. (2012). Women in Ghanaian politics: A case study of the fourth republic [Doctoral dissertation, Covenant University, Ota]. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/10149/1/PHD%20RECENT%20COMPLETE%20SIX.pdf.

Zheng, W., Kark, R. & Meister, A. (2018, Novemeber 28). How women manage the gendered norms of leadership. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/11/how-women-manage-the-gendered-norms-of-leadership

Published
25-10-2025
How to Cite
Nkrumah Adasa, A., Apaak, D., Addae Kyekyehene, S., & Domokyile Nayasama, J. (2025). Ghanaian women in sports: Barriers and strategies for improving participation in sports leadership positions in Ghana. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 14, 104. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564261
Issue
Section
Articles