Apalancamiento operativo: Un análisis crítico del concepto y de los métodos de medición
Operating leverage: A critical analysis of the concept and the methods of measurement
Resumen
El apalancamiento operativo es uno de los parámetros más utilizados en la práctica de la gestión y la investigación científica. Sin embargo, en la bibliografía existen muchas definiciones y métodos de medición, que además se presentan de forma imprecisa tanto en los libros de texto como en las publicaciones científicas. Esto da lugar a una gran libertad entre los autores en la selección de medidas para estimar el apalancamiento operativo y la interpretación de los resultados, lo que repercute negativamente en la funcionalidad para la síntesis y la construcción de teorías. Aunque algunos autores ya pusieron de manifiesto estas reservas en los años ochenta, la situación no ha cambiado. Utilizando un proceso de tres pasos consistente en formular preguntas relativas a cómo se ve, cómo funciona y cómo se compara con otras "cosas", el artículo lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de las medidas de apalancamiento operativo utilizadas en publicaciones recientes y propone organizar y perfeccionar el concepto de apalancamiento operativo como apalancamiento para aumentar el valor añadido y el beneficio a un nivel de producción determinado utilizando un mecanismo de compensación entre costes variables y fijos. Por último, el artículo sugiere direcciones para futuras investigaciones y ofrece consejos sobre cómo incorporar el concepto propuesto de apalancamiento operativo a la investigación empírica.
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