Diferencias de género en la carrera académica en contabilidad en la universidad pública española
Gender differences in academic careers in accounting in Spanish public universities
Resumen
En las Universidades Públicas Españolas la carrera académica es prolongada en el tiempo pues, por término medio, un académico en Contabilidad logra la cátedra en 15 años desde que obtiene el doctorado.
La evidencia empírica muestra diferencias entre las carreras académicas de hombres y mujeres. Las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en la categoría de mayor rango y parece que existe lo que se ha interpretado en la academia como “tubería con fugas”, es decir, a lo largo de la carrera académica las mujeres sufren mayor desgaste que los hombres.
Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar si en el área de Contabilidad de la universidad pública española existen diferentes velocidades en las carreras académicas entre hombres y mujeres y, de ser así, analizar en qué hito de la carrera comienza la fuga del talento femenino y qué factores familiares, institucionales o de producción investigadora lo explican. Para ello, hemos recabado mediante una encuesta los datos de 353 profesores y profesoras del área de Contabilidad de las universidades públicas españolas que abarca un horizonte temporal desde 1959 hasta 2019 y usamos modelos de probabilidad para explorar el tiempo de promoción y sus posibles variables explicativas.
Los resultados indican que la trayectoria de hombres y mujeres académicas es similar hasta alcanzar la titularidad pero, sin embargo, la probabilidad de las mujeres para lograr la cátedra disminuye fuertemente con respecto a la de los hombres, reduciéndose significativamente el número de catedráticas frente a catedráticos. Asimismo, de los factores que pueden explicar este hecho, es la maternidad uno de los más relevantes.
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