¡Cuidado con la brecha en la inclusión financiera! Trabajo de campo de las instituciones de microcrédito en Perú
Mind the Gap in Financial Inclusion! Microcredit Institutions fieldwork in Peru
Resumen
La inclusión financiera sigue siendo una cuestión política clave. Desde que el microcrédito captó por primera vez la atención del público, las instituciones de microfinanciación (IMF) se han expandido rápidamente por todo el mundo. Aunque gran parte de la literatura económica y financiera ha destacado la importancia de la microfinanciación como factor de desarrollo, también existe un intenso debate sobre su eficacia como herramienta de desarrollo. Este trabajo es un análisis descriptivo del estado del arte del microcrédito contrastado con el trabajo de campo realizado en Perú. Se utilizó una metodología de investigación cualitativa; 29 entrevistas en profundidad cara a cara con diferentes agentes de las microfinanzas: IMFs, ONLs, asociaciones de microfinanzas y clientes de microfinanzas en Perú. Se ha elegido Perú porque tiene un sector microfinanciero dinámico y bien regulado con más de 70 entidades especializadas en microfinanzas. Aunque la generalización estadística no es posible, los datos de las entrevistas proporcionaron una evidencia rica y contextual, que a menudo falta en un enfoque de investigación cuantitativa. Este trabajo destaca la importancia de la educación financiera y contable en los beneficiarios de microcréditos y cómo puede mejorarse en la era digital. La pandemia del COVID-19 ha obligado a la población vulnerable a adoptar las nuevas tecnologías digitales y ha puesto de manifiesto la brecha digital que aún existe en América Latina, pero esta situación presenta oportunidades y desafíos.
El presente estudio contribuye al debate sobre cómo mejorar el impacto de las intervenciones de microcrédito en los más vulnerables e identifica algunas ideas únicas sobre las interrelaciones de la educación financiera y la inclusión financiera. Los resultados del presente estudio confirman que la educación financiera y contable son elementos clave en la inclusión financiera.
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3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente la versión publicada de sus obras, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica.
