Un enfoque de ciencia de datos para la toma de decisiones en la estimación de costes - Big Data y aprendizaje automático

A Data Science Approach to Cost Estimation Decision Making - Big Data and Machine Learning

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.401331
Palabras clave: Estimación de costes, Data Science, Big Data, Machine Learning

Resumen

La estimación de costes puede resultar cada vez más difícil, lenta y consumidora de recursos cuando no puede realizarse de forma analítica. Cuando las técnicas tradicionales de estimación de costes son utilizadas en esas circunstancias se presentan importantes limitaciones. Este artículo analiza las posibles aplicaciones de la ciencia de datos a la contabilidad de gestión, a través del caso de una tarea de estimación de costes publicada en Kaggle, un sitio web de ciencia de datos y aprendizaje automático de Google. Cuando existen muchos datos, las técnicas de aprendizaje automático pueden superar algunas de esas limitaciones. La aplicación del aprendizaje automático a los datos revela patrones y relaciones no evidentes que pueden utilizarse para predecir los costes de nuevos montajes con una precisión aceptable. En nuestra investigación se analizan las ventajas y limitaciones de este enfoque y su potencial para transformar la estimación de costes y, más ampliamente, la contabilidad de gestión. La multinacional Caterpillar publicó un concurso en Kaggle para estimar el precio que un proveedor ofrecería por la fabricación de una serie de conjuntos industriales, dados los presupuestos históricos de conjuntos similares. Hasta ahora, este problema habría requerido una ingeniería inversa de la estructura contable del proveedor para establecer la estructura de costes de cada ensamblaje, identificando relaciones no obvias entre las variables. Esta compleja y tediosa tarea suele ser realizada por expertos humanos, lo que añade subjetividad al proceso.

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Publicado
01-01-2022
Cómo citar
Fernández-Revuelta Pérez, L., & Romero Blasco, Álvaro. (2022). Un enfoque de ciencia de datos para la toma de decisiones en la estimación de costes - Big Data y aprendizaje automático: A Data Science Approach to Cost Estimation Decision Making - Big Data and Machine Learning. Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, 25(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.401331
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