¿Cómo controlan los franquiciadores españoles a sus franquiciados?
How do Spanish Franchisors control their Franchisees?
Resumen
En franquicia, la mala actuación de un franquiciado tiene un fuerte impacto negativo sobre toda la cadena, por lo que el sistema de control de gestión (SCG) supone un aspecto vital para la gestión y el éxito de la franquicia. Distinguiendo controles de resultados, comportamientos y sociales (Ouchi, 1979) y los estilos de uso diagnóstico e interactivo de control (Simons, 1995), este trabajo analiza el patrón imperante en el diseño y el uso de los SCG en la franquicia desde un enfoque de costes de transacción. Mediante una encuesta de ámbito nacional se obtuvieron datos de 240 empresas franquiciadoras con sede en España, analizados posteriormente mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados mostraron que los controles sociales y el estilo interactivo suponen la nota predominante del control en la franquicia en España, indicando una tendencia relacional en la franquicia, orientada a la creación de valores y al diálogo mutuo. La inclusión de las variables de la teoría de costes de transacción revela una alta influencia de la incertidumbre en el control del franquiciador. En cambio, variables propias de esta teoría como la inversión en activos específicos y la frecuencia de la relación pasan a tener un papel secundario respecto al diseño y uso de los sistemas de control de gestión.
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