Factores asociados al aumento de infecciones de transmisión sexual en hombres: una revisión integradora
Resumo
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica existente sobre los factores asociados a un comportamiento de riesgo en hombres en relación al aumento de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS).
Método: Revisión integradora mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, WoS, CINHAL, Cochrane.
Resultados/Discusión: Se identificaron 151 artículos aplicando los criterios de selección: artículos en inglés y español del 2015 al 2021. Tras lectura de título y resumen, se descartaron 128 artículos siendo 23 artículos los finales. Los Factores asociados clasificados según categorías guiadas por la adaptación del Modelo Precede-Proceed son: Factores predisponentes: uso de drogas, alcohol, múltiples parejas, diagnóstico de ITS, administración de la profilaxis post-exposición (PPE) y orientación sexual. Factores facilitadores del comportamiento de riesgo: relaciones sexuales sin protección, intercambio de jeringuillas. Factores reforzadores/ previsores de un cambio de conducta: diagnóstico precoz, utilización de la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) e intervenciones educativas y programas de salud. Todos estos factores se tienen que considerar en un contexto sociodemográfico y cultural relacionándolos con la edad, país de origen, migración, trabajo o nivel de ingresos y nivel de estudios.
Conclusión: La disminución de la prevalencia de las ITS se puede mejorar conociendo todos los factores asociados a un comportamiento de riesgo y incidir en ellos según la adaptación al método Precede-Proceed. Esto contribuye a la mejora de intervenciones educativas de los profesionales sanitarios en la incidencia y cambio del comportamiento sexual.
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