Attachment in early postpartum: comparison between mothers of infants admitted to the Obstetric Service and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Supporting Agencies
- Universidad de León
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal attachment is the set of behaviors and links established around to the mother and the newborn. Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a barrier in establishing these early ties.Objective: The main objective of this study is compare the degree of maternal attachment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and it identify the variables that could influence on his establishment
.
Material and methods: 82 mothers, divided into two groups, participated in this causal comparative study by carry out the questionnaire Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI), the interview and review of medical history.
Results: There are significant differences in MAI scores between mothers of Obstetrics Group (99'67) and NICU Group (91'64). Gestational age and feeding are influential factors.
Discussion and conclusion: Separation hinders the establishment of the first maternal ties. It is necessary to assess the factors that influence in this situation and it plan future interventions to improve maternal-child relationship.
Downloads
References
(1) Bowly J. Una base segura: aplicaciones clínicas de una teoría del apego. 7ª edición ed. Barcelona: Paidós; 1988.
(2) Herranz Ybarra P, Sierra García P. Psicología evolutiva I. 1ª, 7ª reimp ed. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia; 2007; 2002.
(3) Gerstenhaber C. John Bowlby y la Teoría del Apego. El mundo del bebé. Las necesidades emocionales de los más pequeños. Humanes de Madrid Madrid: Cep; 2009. p. 108.
(4) Cantón Duarte J, Cortés Arboleda MR. El apego del niño a sus cuidadores: evaluación, antecedentes y consecuencias para el desarrollo. Madrid: Alianza; 2000.
(5) Grimalt O L, Heresi M E. Estilos de apego y representaciones maternas durante el embarazo. Revista chilena de pediatría 2012; 83(3): p.239-246.
(6) Olza-Fernández I, Marín Gabriel MA, Gil-Sánchez A, García-Segura LM, Arevalo MA. Neuroendocrinology of childbirth and mother–child attachment: The basis of an etiopathogenic model of perinatal neurobiological disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014 10; 35(4): p.459-472.
(7) Coria-Ávila GA, Manzo J, García LI, Carrillo P, Miquel M, Pfaus JG. Neurobiology of social attachments. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2014 6; 43(0): p.173-182.
(8) Hanley GE, Oberlander TF. The effect of perinatal exposures on the infant: Antidepressants and depression. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 2014 1; 28(1): p.37-48.
(9) Maas J. Mother and Fetus. The start of a relationship. 1ª edición ed. Ridderkerk: Ridderprint; 2013.
(10) Hernandez-Martinez C, Arija V, Balaguer A, Cavalle P, Canals J. Do the emotional states of pregnant women affect neonatal behaviour? Early Hum Dev 2008 NOV; 84(11): p.745-750.
(11) Fernández Mateos LM. El vínculo afectivo con el niño por nacer. 1ª edición ed. Salamanca: Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca; 2005.
(12) Yarcheski A, Mahon NE, Yarcheski TJ, Hanks MM, Cannella BL. A meta-analytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. Int J Nurs Stud 2009 5; 46(5): p.708-715.
(13) Gao L, Sun K, Chan SW. Social support and parenting self-efficacy among Chinese women in the perinatal period. Midwifery 2014 5; 30(5): p.532-538.
(14) Guerra-Ramírez M, Muñoz-de Rodríguez L. Expresiones y comportamientos de apego madre-RN hospitalizado en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal. Enfermería Universitaria 2013;10(3):84-91.
(15) Korja R, Savonlahti E, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Manninen H, Piha J, et al. Attachment representations in mothers of preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development 2009 6; 32(3): p.305-311.
(16) Korja R, Ahlqvist-Björkroth S, Savonlahti E, Stolt S, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, et al. Relations between maternal attachment representations and the quality of mother–infant interaction in preterm and full-term infants. Infant Behavior and Development 2010 6; 33(3): p.330-336.
(17) Gómez MR, Alonso MP, Rivera PI. Relación materno fetal y establecimiento del apego durante la etapa de gestación.
Maternal fetal relationship and attachment facility during the pregnancy. INFAD 2011; 1(1): p.425-434.
(18) Agra Y, Aguayo J, Álvarez MC, Botet F, Bustos G, Diaz P et al. Unidades de Neonatología, estándares y recomendaciones de calidad. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad;2014 [Acceso 28 febrero 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.msssi.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/docs/NEONATOLOGIA_Accesible.pdf
(19)Torre A, Álvarez J, Artigas A, Asiain C, Barturen F, Cabré L et al. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, estándares y recomendaciones. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social: 2010 [Acceso 28 febrero 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.msssi.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/docs/UCI.pdf
(20) Yurdakul Z, Akman I, Kuscu MK, Karabekiroglu A, Yaylali G, Demir F, et al. Maternal psychological problems associated with neonatal intensive care admission. Int J Pediatr 2009.
(21) Fava Vizziello G. Representaciones maternas, apego y desarrollo en los niños prematuros. Cuadernos de psiquiatría y psicoterapia del niño y del adolescente 1997(23): 23-50.
(22) González Serrano F. Nacer de nuevo: la crianza de los niños prematuros: la relación temprana y el apego. Cuadernos de psiquiatría y psicoterapia del niño y del adolescente 2009(48): 61-80.
(23) Gónzalez-Serrano F, Castro C, Lasa A, Hernaz M, Tapia X, Torres M, et al. Las representaciones de apego y el estrés en las madres de niños nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso a los dos años. Anales de Pediatría 2012; 76(6): p.329-335.
(24) Tooten A, Hall RA, Hoffenkamp HN, Braeken J, Vingerhoets AJ, van Bakel HJ. Maternal and paternal infant representations: a comparison between parents of term and preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev 2014 Aug; 37(3): p.366-379.
(25) Bernier A, Meins E. A threshold approach to understanding the origins of attachment disorganization. Dev Psychol 2008 Jul; 44(4): p.969-982.
(26) Cosentino-Rocha L, Klein VC, Martins Linhares MB. Effects of preterm birth and gender on temperament and behavior in children. Infant Behav Dev 2014 AUG; 37(3): p.446-456.
(27) Muller ME. A questionnaire to measure mother-to-infant attachment. J Nurs Meas 1994 Winter; 2(2): p.129-141.
(28) Chen CJ, Sung HC, Chen YC, Chang CY, Lee MS. The development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory. J Clin Nurs 2013 Oct; 22(19-20): p.2687-2695.
(29) Shin H, Kim YH. Maternal Attachment Inventory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version. J Adv Nurs 2007 Aug; 59(3): p.299-307.
(30) Boeckel M, Wagner A, Ritter F, Sohne L, Schein S, Grassi-Oliviera R. Análise fatorial do Inventário Percepçao de Vinculaçao Materna. Revista Internacional de Psicología 2011; 45(3): p.439-448.
(31) Yilmaz HB, Kavlak O, Isler A, Liman T, Van Sell SL. A Study of Maternal Attachment Among Mothers of Infants With Congenital Anomalies in Turkey. Infants Young Child 2011 JUL-SEP; 24(3): p.259-266.
(32) Gürol A, Polat S. The Effects of Baby Massage on Attachment between Mother and their Infants. Asian Nursing Research 2012 3; 6(1): p.35-41.
(33) Wilkinson RB, Scherl FB. Psychological health, maternal attachment and attachment style in breast- and formula-feeding mothers: A preliminary study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2006; 24(1): p.5-19.
(34) Damato EG. Prenatal attachment and other correlates of postnatal maternal attachment to twins. Adv Neonatal Care 2004 Oct; 4(5): p.274-291.
(35) Dudek-Shriber L. Parent stress in the neonatal intensive care unit and the influence of parent and infant characteristics. Am J Occup Ther 2004 Sep-Oct; 58(5): p.509-520.
(36) Muller-Nix C, Forcada-Guex M, Pierrehumbert B, Jaunin L, Borghini A, Ansermet F. Prematurity, maternal stress and mother–child interactions. Early Hum Dev 2004 9; 79(2): p.145-158.
(37) Misund A, Nerdrum P, Diseth T. Mental health in women experiencing preterm birth. 2014 Agosto; 14(263).
(38) Carlson L. Maternal attachment in the early postpartum period: relationship with adult attachment style and the partner relationship. Lousiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Nursing; 2003.
(39) Forcada-Guex M, Borghini A, Pierrehumbert B, Ansermet F, Muller-Nix C. Prematurity, maternal posttraumatic stress and consequences on the mother–infant relationship. Early Hum Dev 2011 1; 87(1): p.21-26.
(40) Hoffenkamp HN, Tooten A, Hall RA, Croon MA, Braeken J, Winkel FW, et al. The impact of premature childbirth on parental bonding. Evol Psychol 2012 Aug 17; 10(3): p.542-561.
(41) Chen CJ, Chen YC, Sung HC, Kuo PC, Wang CH. Perinatal attachment in naturally pregnant and infertility-treated pregnant women in Taiwan. J Adv Nurs 2011 Oct; 67(10): p.2200-2208.
(42) Byers JF, Yovaish W, Lowman LB, Francis JD. Co-bedding versus single-bedding premature multiple-gestation infants in incubators. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003 May-Jun; 32(3): p.340-347.
(43) Sen S, Kavlak O. Transgenerational attachment in Manisa, Turkey. Contemp Nurse 2012 Apr; 41(1): p.126-132.
(44) Mello C. Maternal adaptation in women whose infants are born with a genetic anomaly or birth defect. Virginia Commonwealth University: 2007.
(45) Bennington LK. The Relationship Among Maternal-Infant Bonding, Spirituality, and Maternal Perception of the Childbirth Experience. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2012; 41(s1): S137-S137.
(46) Gharaibeh MK, Hamlan AM. Factors influencing maternal attachment of first-time Jordanian mothers. J Res Nurs 2012; 17(3): p.289-303.
(47) Rodd Hedlund. IBAIP, The infant behavioral assessment and intervention program. Program Guide. (Acceso 28 febrero). Disponible en: http://www.ibaip.org/ibapg.pdf
(48) Çalisir H, Karaçam Z. Factors associated with parenting behavior of mothers in the early postpartum period in Turkey. Nurs Health Sci 2011; 13(4): p.488-494.
(49) Mehler K, Wendrich D, Kissgen R, Roth B, Oberthuer A, Pillekamp F, Kribs A. Mothers seeing their VLBW infants within 3h after birth are more likely to establish a secure attachment behaviour: evidence of a sensitive period with preterm infants?. Journal or Perinatology [Revista en Internet] Junio 2011 [acceso 28 febrero 2015]; 41: [404-410] Disponible en: http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v31/n6/full/jp2010139a.html
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the copyright of the published works, and encourages and allows the reuse of the works under the license for use stated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2011 (© Publications Service, University of Murcia, 2011)
2. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal) “ a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Spain license (legal text)”. They can be copied, used, broadcasted, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and original source of their publication (journal, publisher and URL) are cited; (ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license is mentioned.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Authors are allowed and encouraged to electronically disseminate the pre-print (pre-reviewed ) and / or post-print (reviewed and accepted for publication) versions of their works prior to publication, as it ensures a wider circulation and dissemination which may lead to a possible increase in its mention and a higher scope among the academic community. RoMEO color: green.
