Antineoplastic and occupational risks for nurses: an integrative review
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Abstract
Introduction: There are countless occupational hazards to which health workers who handle chemotherapeutic substances are exposed.Objectives: To identify and describe the short-, medium- and long-term damages that are caused in the bodies of nurses and other health professionals who are exposed to antineoplastic drugs in the workplace.
Methodology: To study an integrative literature review, with data collection in the Virtual Health Library in the months from September to October 2013, the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, and in the databases of the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, the Database of Nursing and the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, with the keywords: “Antineoplasicos and Risco Ocupacional and Enfermagem”, "Antineoplastic and Occupational Risk" and "Antineoplastic and Nursing."
Results:, Damage to genetic material, increased frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes, increased exchange of sister chromatids, increased levels of antineoplastic urinary excretion, increased cases of cancer, increased incidence of congenital anomalies in offspring and miscarriages in the first trimester of pregnancy are some of the results found in this study.
Conclusion: The most frequent damage occurred in the deoxyribonucleic acid, and predominated in medium and long terms, with the exposure time being crucial to increasing damage. In short and long term predominated damage linked to pregnancy and the developing fetus, with increase in congenital abnormalities and abortion. Genetic monitoring as well as Personal Protective Equipment are essential to minimize damage.
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