Factores asociados al aumento de infecciones de transmisión sexual en hombres: una revisión integradora

Autores/as

  • Cristina Lao-López Fundación Althaia
  • Neus Garriga-Comas Departamento Enfermería Salud Pública, Salud Mental y Maternoinfantil. Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, España. 4 Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Xarxa asistencial y universitaria del Bages (Althaia), Manresa, Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-8598
  • Josefina Goberna-Tricas Departamento Enfermería Salud Pública, Salud Mental y Maternoinfantil. Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, España. 4 Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Xarxa asistencial y universitaria del Bages (Althaia), Manresa, Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-9009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.568951
Palabras clave: Factores asociados, conducta sexual, conducta de riesgo sexual, comportamiento de riesgo sexual, Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, hombres

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica existente sobre los factores asociados a un comportamiento de riesgo en hombres en relación al aumento de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS).
Método: Revisión integradora mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, WoS, CINHAL, Cochrane.
Resultados/Discusión: Se identificaron 151 artículos aplicando los criterios de selección: artículos en inglés y español del 2015 al 2021. Tras lectura de título y resumen, se descartaron 128 artículos siendo 23 artículos los finales. Los Factores asociados clasificados según categorías guiadas por la adaptación del Modelo Precede-Proceed son: Factores predisponentes: uso de drogas, alcohol, múltiples parejas, diagnóstico de ITS, administración de la profilaxis post-exposición (PPE) y orientación sexual. Factores facilitadores del comportamiento de riesgo: relaciones sexuales sin protección, intercambio de jeringuillas. Factores reforzadores/ previsores de un cambio de conducta: diagnóstico precoz, utilización de la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) e intervenciones educativas y programas de salud. Todos estos factores se tienen que considerar en un contexto sociodemográfico y cultural relacionándolos con la edad, país de origen, migración, trabajo o nivel de ingresos y nivel de estudios.
Conclusión: La disminución de la prevalencia de las ITS se puede mejorar conociendo todos los factores asociados a un comportamiento de riesgo y incidir en ellos según la adaptación al método Precede-Proceed. Esto contribuye a la mejora de intervenciones educativas de los profesionales sanitarios en la incidencia y cambio del comportamiento sexual.

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Biografía del autor/a

Neus Garriga-Comas, Departamento Enfermería Salud Pública, Salud Mental y Maternoinfantil. Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, España. 4 Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Xarxa asistencial y universitaria del Bages (Althaia), Manresa, Barcelona, España

Matrona jefa de Unidad Bloque Obstétrico Fundación Althaia. Manresa.

Doctora en Ciencias Enfermeras por la Universidad de Barcelona

Josefina Goberna-Tricas, Departamento Enfermería Salud Pública, Salud Mental y Maternoinfantil. Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, España. 4 Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Xarxa asistencial y universitaria del Bages (Althaia), Manresa, Barcelona, España

Profesora Titular Universidad. PhD. Investigadora ADHUC. Centro de Investigación Teoria, Género, Sexualidad. Universitat de Barcelona

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Publicado
02-04-2024
Cómo citar
[1]
Lao-López, C. et al. 2024. Factores asociados al aumento de infecciones de transmisión sexual en hombres: una revisión integradora . Enfermería Global. 23, 2 (abr. 2024), 534–562. DOI:https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.568951.
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