Organic crisis, hegemony and populism. A reflection on contemporary spanish political essay

Abstract

The objective of this work is to reflect on some of the interpretative lines through which the political essay has travelled in the Spanish political essay. The approach would be by the Gramscian influence on political and social crisis that Spain has experienced in recent years. A crisis that was understood as a regime or as an organic crisis. It is also understood as a crisis of representation or legitimacy. In first place, we can see the proliferation of Spanish political essays, in a Gramscian key, which try to question the consensus born during the Transition and to dispute the consolidated accounts. In second place, some of the essays contributions that analysed the emergence of a new political and electoral actor, the Spanish political party Podemos, as a consequence of the political crisis and which has raised the existence of a populist movement under the theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe. Lastly, some texts reveal the change in the historical moment after the elective processes of 2015 and 2016 and it is expressed certain closure of the populist moment in Spain. It concludes with a critical assessment of ideological development experienced by Podemos.