Mecanismos cognitivos que subyacen a Armoni: Un programa de en-trenamiento cognitivo asistido por ordenador para personas con discapacidades intelectuales

Autores/as

  • Claudia Peñaloza-Salazar Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universitat de Barcelona
  • José Gutiérrez-Maldonado Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universitat de Barcelona
  • Marta Ferrer-García Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universitat de Barcelona
  • Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar Department of Philosophy and Psychology. Universidad de Tarapacá
  • Antonio Reverter-Guimeso Fundació Ave María
  • Yolanda Macías-Cajal Fundació Ave María
  • David Amela-Huemes Fundació Ave María
  • Sandra Perales-Josa Fundació Ave María
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.194511
Palabras clave: Discapacidades intelectuales, funciones cognitivas, entrenamiento cognitivo, Armoni, asistido por ordenador

Resumen

Aunque se han descrito varios déficits cognitivos en individuos con discapacidades intelectuales (DI), pocos estudios han examinado el uso de programas de entrenamiento cognitivo asistidos por ordenador en este grupo de personas. Este estudio trata de determinar los mecanismos cognitivos subyacentes a 16 actividades incluidas en Armoni, un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo computarizado para individuos con DI, con el fin de validar su uso en esta población. Cincuenta adultos con DI de cuatro centros de atención residencial en España fueron sometidos a pruebas neuropsicológicas de tapping atencional, memoria verbal, memoria visual, comprensión, visuopercepción, visuoconstructión, capacidad de nombrar, fluidez verbal, razonamiento verbal y función motora. Además, se llevaron a cabo las 16 actividades incluidas en el programa de Armoni. Las relaciones entre la función cognitiva y las actividades basadas en el ordenador se evaluaron utilizando correlaciones de Spearman. Después se utilizó análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos para explorar cómo la función cognitiva predice el rendimiento de las personas con DI en las actividades del programa. La mayoría de las actividades del programa correlacionaron con visuoconstructión, comprensión y capacidad de nombrar. La capacidad de nombrar, la memoria visual, la comprensión y la visuoconstructión fueron las que más contribuyeron en los modelos predictivos sobre el desempeño en las actividades de Armoni. Nuestros resultados apoyan la validez de Armoni para el entrenamiento cognitivo en las personas con DI.

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Publicado
25-12-2015
Cómo citar
Peñaloza-Salazar, C., Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., Ferrer-García, M., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Reverter-Guimeso, A., Macías-Cajal, Y., … Perales-Josa, S. (2015). Mecanismos cognitivos que subyacen a Armoni: Un programa de en-trenamiento cognitivo asistido por ordenador para personas con discapacidades intelectuales. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 32(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.194511
Número
Sección
Psicología evolutiva y de la educación