The structure of the Social Self-concept (SSC) Questionnaire
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the factor structure of the Social Self-Concept Questionnaire (SSQ), newly, made up of two scales: social responsibility and social competence. A review of both theories of human social development as previous attempts to measure social self-concept a theoretical proposal that the social self is the conjunction of two basic self-perceptions was born: competence in social relationships and response to the demands of social functioning. Participated in research 818 students aged between 17 and 52 years. The results obtained by confirmatory factor analysis, endorse the hypothesized two interrelated factors structure. This work, in addition to providing a new measuring instrument with adequate psychometric characteristics and validity that justify its use both in practice as applied in the field of research, helps to better understand the inner nature of the social domain of the self-concept.Downloads
References
Bentler, P. M., & Dudgeon, P. (1996). Covariance structure analysis: Statistical practice, theory, and directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 563-592. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.563
Bracken, B. (1992). The multidimensional Self Concept Scale. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Byrne, B. M., & Shavelson, R. J. (1996). On the structure of social self-concept for pre-, early and late adolescents: A test of the Shavelson et al. model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 599-613. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.3.599
Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales [Standards for the development and review of instrumental studies]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 521-551.
Esnaola, I., Infante, G., & Zulaika, L. M. (2011). The multidimensional structure of physical self-concept. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 304-312. doi: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.27
Esnaola, I., Rodríguez, A., & Goñi, E. (2011). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de Autoconcepto AF5 [Psychometric properties of the questionnaire AF5]. Anales de Psicología, 27(1), 109-117.
Fernández-Zabala, A. (2011). El autoconcepto social en la adolescencia y juventud: Dimensiones, medida y relaciones [The social self-concept in adolescence and youth: Dimensions, measurement and relationships]. Dissertation. Leioa, Spain: UPV/EHU.
Fuentes, M. C., García, J. F, Gracia, E., & Lila, M. (2011). Autoconcepto y ajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia [The self-concept and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence]. Psicothema, 23(1), 7-12.
García, B. (2001). CAG: Cuestionario de Autoconcepto: Manual [CAG: Self-concept Questionnaire: Manual]. Madrid, Spain: EOS.
García, F., & Musitu, G. (2001). AF5: Autoconcepto Forma 5 [AF5: Self-concept Form 5]. Madrid, Spain: TEA.
Goñi, A. (2000). Psicología del individualismo [Psychology of individualism]. San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain: Erein.
Goñi, A. (Ed.) (2008). El autoconcepto físico. Psicología y educación [The physical self-concept. Psychology and education]. Madrid, Spain: Pirámide.
Goñi, E., Madariaga, J. M, Axpe, I., & Goñi, A. (2011). Structure of the Personal Self-Concept (PSC) questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11(3), 509-522.
Goñi, E., & Fernández-Zabala, A. (2007). Los dominios social y personal del autoconcepto [The social and personal domains of self-concept]. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 12(2), 179-194
Greenberger, E. (1984). Defining psychosocial maturity in adolescence. Advances in Child Behavioral Analysis and Therapy, 3, 1-37.
Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Child Development, 53(1), 87-97. doi: 10.2307/1129640
Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children. (Revision of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children). Denver, C.O.: University.
Harter, S., & Pike, R. (1984). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for young children. Child Development, 55, 1969-1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1129772
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Infante, G., & Goñi, E. (2009). Actividad físico-deportiva y autoconcepto físico en la edad adulta [Physical activity and physical self-concept in middle-age adults]. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 14, 49-62.
Infante, L. (2005). Cuestionario de autoconcepto social: Justificación y propiedades psicométricas [Social self-concept questionnaire: Psychometric properties and justification] (Unpublished dissertation). University of Malaga, Spain.
Infante, L., De la Morena, L., García, B., Sánchez, A., Hierrezuelo, L., & Muñoz, A. (2002). Un estudio sobre el autoconcepto social en estudiantes de E.S.O.: Diferencias de género [A research of the social self-concept with high school students: Gender differences]. Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 5(3), 1-7. Retrieved from: http://www.revistaeducacion.educacion.es/re352/re352_22.pdf
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2006). LISREL 8.8 for windows [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
Lawson, J. S., Marshall, W. L., & McGrath, (1979). The social self-esteem inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 39, 803-811. doi: 10.1177/001316447903900413
López, F., Etxebarria, I., Fuentes, M. J., & Ortiz, M. J. (2001). Desarrollo afectivo y social [Emotional and social development]. Madrid, Spain: Pirámide.
Manzano-García, G., & Ayala-Calvo, J. C. (2013). New Perspectives: Towards an Integration of the concept "burnout" and its explanatory models. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 800-809. Doi: 10.6018/analesps.29.3.145241
Marsh, H. W., Barnes, J., Cairns, L., & Tidman, M. (1984). Self-Description Questionnaire: Age and sex effects in the structure and level of self-concept for preadolescent children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(5), 940-956. doi: 10.1037//0022-0663.76.5.940
Marsh, H. W., Parker, J., & Barnes, J. (1985). Multidimensional adolescent self-concepts: Their relationships to age, sex and academic measures. American Educational Research Journal, 22, 422-444. doi: 10.3102/00028312022003422
Marsh, H. W., & Hau, K. (1996). Assessing goodness of fit: Is parsimony always desirable? Journal of Experimental Education, 64, 364-390. Doi: 10.1080/00220973.1996.10806604
Marsh, H. W., & O`Neil, R. (1984). Self Description Questionaire III (SDQIII): The construct validity for multidimensional self concept ratings by late adolescents. Journal of Educational Measurement, 21, 153-174. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00227.x
Marsh, H., & Shavelson, R. (1985). Self-concept: Its multifaceted, hierarchical structure. Educational Psychologist, 20, 107-123. doi : 10.1207/s15326985ep2003_1
Muller, D. G., & Leonetti, R. (1974). Primary Self-concept Inventory Test Manual. Austin, TX: Learning Concepts.
Musitu, G., García, F., & Gutiérrez, M. (1991). Autoconcepto Forma A. Manual [Self-concept Form A. Manual]. Madrid, Spain: TEA.
Neeman, J., & Harter, S. (1986). The Self-Perception Profile for College Students. Denver: University.
Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1995). Teoría psicométrica [Psychometric theory]. México: McGraw-Hill.
Piers, E. V., & Harris, D. B. (1984). Manual for the Piers–Harris Children's Self Concept Scale. Los. Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Rodríguez, A., Droguett, L., & Revuelta, L. (2012). School and personal adjustment in adolescence: The role of academic self-concept and perceived social support. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 17(2), 397-414. doi: 10.1387/RevPsicodidact.3002
Rodríguez, A., & Goñi, A. (2011). La estructura tridimensional del bienestar subjetivo [The three-dimensional structure of the subjective well-being]. Anales de psicología, 27(2), 327-332.
Rodríguez, J. M., & Fernández, M. J. (2012). Development and validation of a measuring instrument for Burnout Syndrome in teachers. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 1456-1465. doi: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39429
Roid, G., & Fitts, W. (1988). Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Revised Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Schmitt, T. A. (2011). Current methodological considerations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Psichoeducational Assessment, 29, 304-321. doi: 10.1177/0734282911406653
Shavelson, R., Hubner, J., & Stanton, J. (1976). Self-concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), 407-441. doi: 10.3102/00346543046003407
Silva, C., & Martínez, L. (2007). Empoderamiento, participación y autoconcepto de persona socialmente comprometida en adolescentes chilenos [Empowerment, participation and social self-Concept in chilean adolescents]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 41(2), 129-138.
Song, I., & Hattie, J. (1984). Home environment self-concept and academic achievement: A causal modeling approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1269-1281. doi: 10.1037//0022-0663.76.6.1269
Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tomás, J. M., & Oliver, A. (1998). Efectos de formato de respuesta y método en análisis factorial confirmatorio [Response format and method of estimation effects on confirmatory factor analysis]. Psicothema, 10(1), 197-208.
Tomás, J. M., & Oliver. A. (2004). Análisis psicométrico confirmatorio de una medida multidimensional del autoconcepto en español [Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Spanish Multidimensional Scale of Self-Concept]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 38(2), 285-293.
Vispoel, W. (1995). Self-concept in artistic domains: An extension of the Shavelson, Hubner, and Stanton (1976) model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(1), 134-153. doi: 10.1037//0022-0663.87.1.134
West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with non-normal variables: Problems and remedies. En R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp. 56-75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Wongpakaran, N., & Wongpakaran, T. (2012). A revised thai multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support. The Spanish Journal of Pychology, 15(3), 1503-1509. doi: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39434
Ziller, R. C. (1973). The social self. New York, NY: Pergamon.
Zorich, S., & Reynolds, W. M. (1988). Convergent and discriminant validation of a measure of social self-concept. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(3), 441-453. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5203_5
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.