Group psychological intervention, based on acceptance and communication training, with relatives of people with severe mental disorders

Authors

  • Gloria M. Roldán Hospital de Día de Salud Mental “Licinio de la Fuente” del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada.
  • Isabel C. Salazar Hospital de Día de Salud Mental “Licinio de la Fuente” del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada.
  • Laura Garrido Hospital de Día de Salud Mental “Licinio de la Fuente” del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada.
  • Ana M. Cuevas Universidad de Huelva
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.154071
Keywords: Psychotherapy group, Acceptance, Communication, Depression, Coping skills.

Supporting Agencies

  • Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (referencia del proyecto
  • SAS111215)

Abstract

The effectiveness of a group intervention program to reduce psychological problems in relatives living with patients with severe mental disorders was evaluated. Attended eight mothers and one father whose adult children were receiving treatment in a Mental Health Day Hospital. They followed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Perceived Stress Scale, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Coping Strategies Inventory, and the Assertiveness Inventory. They attended 20 sessions of group psychological acceptance and development of skills-based treatment. Following the completion of the program, the level of depression in the parents decreased significantly, assertive conduct increased, as did the use of coping strategies aimed at the solution of problems. The relatives rated the program as useful, applied what they have learned to their daily lives, decreased the levels of psychological discomfort, and the majority applied what they have learned to what they value most. Concluding the program was successful in decreasing depression among patients’ relatives and in increasing their adaptive coping skills. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to overcome some limitations such as the size of the cohort and the lack of a control group.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baüml, J., Froböse, T., Kraemer, S., Rentrop, M. y Pitschel-Walz, G. (2006). Psychoeducation: A basic psychotherapeutic intervention for patients with schizophrenia and their families. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, S1-S9.

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. y Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. y Brown, G. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Breitborde, N. J. K., Moreno, F. A., Mai-Dixon, N., Peterson, R., Durst, L., Bernstein, B., Byreddy, S. y McFarlane, W. R. (2011). Multifamily group psychoeducation and cognitive remediation for first-episode psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 9. Recuperado el 4 de septiembre de 2011, de http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/9

Cano, F. J., Rodríguez, L. y García, J. (2007). Adaptación española del Inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 35, 29-39.

Carlbring, P., Hägglund, M., Luthström, A., Dahlin, M., Kadowaki, Å., Vernmark, K. y Andersson G. (2013). Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 331-337.

Chakrabarti, S. y Gill, S. (2002). Coping and its correlates among care-givers of patients with bipolar disorder: A preliminary study. Bipolar Disorders, 4, 50-60.

Chandrasekaran, R., Sivaprakash, B. y Jayestri, S. R. (2002). Coping strategies of the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 9-13.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2ª ed. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.

Costa, M. y López, E. (2006). Manual para la ayuda psicológica. Dar poder para vivir. Más allá del counseling. Madrid: Pirámide.

Dahl, J., Wilson, K. G., Luciano, C. y Hayes, S. S. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain. Reno, NV: Context.

Dixon, L., Adams, C. y Lucksted, A. (2000) Update on family psychoeducation for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 5-20.

Eilenberg, T., Kronstrand, L., Fink, P. y Frostholm, L. (2013). Ac-ceptance and commitment group therapy for health anxiety. Re-sults from a pilot study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 461-468.

Fadden, G. (1998). Research update: Psychoeducational family interventions. Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 293-309.

Fernández-Carbonell, M. J., Dasí, C., García-Merita, M. L. y Fuentes, I. (2012). Satisfacción de pacientes y familiares con una Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica. Anales de Psicología, 28, 378-386.

Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J. P., Schreurs, K. M. y Spinho-ven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 142-151.

Fredrik, H., Lars, H., Ulla, K. y Torsten, N. (2010). Illness-related components for the family burden of relatives to patients with psychotic illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 275-283.

Gambrill, E. D. y Richey, C. A. (1975). An assertion inventory for use in assessment and research. Behavior Therapy, 6, 550-561.

Gerson, R., Wong, C., Davidson, L., Malaspina, D., McGlashan, T. y Corcoran, C. (2011). Self-reported coping strategies in families of patients in early stages of psychotic disorder: An exploratory study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 76-80.

Girón, M., Fernández, A., Mañá, S., Molina, A., Nolasco, A. y Gómez, M. (2010). Efficacy and effectiveness of individual family intervention on social and clinical functioning and family burden in severe schizophrenia: A 2-year randomized controlled study. Psychological Medicine, 40, 73-84.

Goldstein, T. R., Miklowitz, D. J. y Richards, J. A. (2002). Expressed emotion attitudes and individual psychopathology among the relatives of bipolar patients. Family Process, 41, 645-657.

Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. y Caqueo-Urízar, A. (2007). Effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention for reducing burden in Latin American families of patients with schizophrenia. Quality of Life Research,16, 739-747.

Haro, J. M., Alonso, J. Pinto-Meza, A., Vilagut, G., Fernández, A., Codony, M., Martínez, M., Domingo, A., Torres, J., Almansa, J., Ochoa, S. y Autonell, J. (2008). The epidemiology of mental disorders in the general population of Spain. En R. C. Kessler y T. B. Üstun (dirs.), The WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders (pp. 406-430). Cambridge: Cambridge University.

Haro, J. M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., Martínez, M., Bernal, M., Luque, I., Codony, M., Dolz, M., Alonso, J. y el Grupo ESEMeD-España (2006). Prevalencia y factores asociados de los trastornos mentales en España: Resultados del estudio ESEMED-España. Medicina Clínica, 126, 445-451.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D. y Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Nueva York: Guilford.

Hayes, S. C., Jason B., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A. y Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.

Luciano, M. C. y Valdivia, M. S (2006). La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT). Fundamentos, características y evidencia. Papeles del Psicólogo, 27, 79-91.

Luciano, M. C., Valdivia, M. S. y Páez-Blarrina, M. (2006). Avances desde la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT). EduPsykhé, 5, 2, 173-201.

Madianos, M., Economou, M., Dafni, O., Koukia, E., Palli, A. y Roga-kou, E. (2004). Family disruption, economic hardship and psychological distress in schizophrenia: Can they be measured? European Psychiatry, 19, 408-414.

Magaña, S. M., Ramírez, J. I., Hernández, M. G. y Cortez, R. (2007). Psy-chological distress among Latino family caregivers of adults with schizophrenia: The roles of burden and stigma. Psychiatric Services, 58, 378-384.

Magliano, L., Fadden, G., Economou, M. L., Held, T., Xavier, M., Guarneri, M., Malangone, C., Marasco, C. y Maj, M. (2000). Family burden and coping strategies in schizophrenia: 1-year follow-up data from the BIOMED I study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, 109-115.

Miklowitz, D. J. (2007). The role of the family in the course and treat-ment of bipolar disorder. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 192-196.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2009). Borderline personality disorder. Treatment and management. NICE clinical guideline 78. Manchester: Autor.

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. (2006). Bipolar disorder. The management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and adolescents, in primary and secondary care. Londres: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists.

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. (2011). Psychosis with coexisting substance misuse. The NICE guideline on assessment and management in adults and young people. Londres: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2006). Conjunto de guías sobre servicios y políticas de salud mental. Política, planes y programas de salud mental (versión revisada). Madrid: Editores Médicos. (Orig. 2005).

Pitschel-Walz, G., Leucht, S., Bäuml, J., Kissling, W. y Engel, R. R. (2001). The effect of family interventions on relapse and rehospitalization in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulleting, 73-92.

Pull, C. B. (2009). Current empirical status of acceptance and commit-ment therapy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 55-60.

Rascón, M. L., Caraveo, J. y Valencia, M. (2010). Trastornos emocionales, físicos y psiquiátricos en los familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia en México. Revista de Investigación Clínica, 62, 509-515.

Roldán, G., Salazar, I. C. y Garrido, L. (2014). La asertividad y la salud de familiares cuidadores de pacientes con trastorno mental grave. Behavioral Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 22, 501-521.

Roldán, G., Salazar, I., Garrido, L., Carrillo, E., Guarnido, E., Ramírez, M., Prieto, M., Ramos, M. A. y Ramos, J. M. (2011, noviembre). Ansiedad y depresión en familiares que conviven con personas diagnosticadas de trastorno mental grave. Comunicación presentada en el I Symposium Internacional sobre Abuso Psicológico: Aspectos clínicos, sociales y educativos, Granada, España.

Romero-Moreno, R., Márquez-González, M., Losada, A., Gillanders, D. y Fernández-Fernández, V. (2014). Cognitive fusion in dementia caregiving: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the “Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire”. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 22, 117-132.

Ruiz, F. J (2010). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (act) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 125-162.

Saunders, J. C. y Byrne, M. M. (2002). A thematic analysis of families living with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 16, 217-223.

Society of Clinical Psychology. American Psychological Association, Division 12 (2012). Psychological disorders and behavioral problems. Recu-perado el 18 de abril de 2012, de http://www.psychologicaltreatments.org/

Steele, A., Maruyama, N. y Galynker, I. (2010). Psychiatric symptoms in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder: A review. Journal of Af-fective Disorders, 121, 10-21.

Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V. y Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13, 343-61.

Ware, J. E., Jr., Snow, K. K., Kosinski, M. y Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric.

Wiedemann, G., Hahlweg, K., Müller, U., Feinstein, E., Hank, G. y Dose, M. (2001). Effectiveness of targeted intervention and maintenance pharmacotherapy in conjunction with family intervention in schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 251, 72-84.

Wilson, K. y Luciano, M. C. (2002). Terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT): Un tratamiento conductual orientado a los valores. Madrid: Pirámide.

Zubin, J. y Spring, B. J. (1977). Vulnerablity: A new view of schizo-phrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 103-126.

Published
16-09-2015
How to Cite
Roldán, G. M., Salazar, I. C., Garrido, L., & Cuevas, A. M. (2015). Group psychological intervention, based on acceptance and communication training, with relatives of people with severe mental disorders. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 31(3), 759–772. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.154071
Issue
Section
Clinical and Health Psychology