Evidence for the validity of the Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale in a Spanish sample
Abstract
Teachers’ sense of self-efficacy is a hard construct to measure but is important in view of to its relationship with the quality of education. This work aims to gather evidence regarding the consistency and validity of a version of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) for use in Spain. The data come from a Spanish group of future early-years, primary and high school teachers (N = 744), and they are analysed using a multivariate approach suitable for ordinal scales, with confirmatory factor analysis (ULSMV) and decision trees (CHAID and CART). After evaluating three measurement models, evidence for the validity of a construct structure with three factors and 17 items with acceptable fit indices is provided. In addition, the convergence and consistency of the construct are both endorsed, as is the usefulness of the items for predicting overall teacher self-efficacy in the groups of undergraduate and master’s students in the sample studied.
Downloads
References
AERA, APA, & NCME (2014). Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. APA.
Álvarez, M. M., & Asensio-Muñoz, I. I. (2020). Evidence of validity of a generic competencies measure. Educación XX1, 23(2), 337-366. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.25896
Asensio-Muñoz, I., & Ruiz de Miguel, C. (2017). Measurement and assessment of beliefs about the profession at initial teachers training. Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 20(3), 79‐91. https://doi.org/10.6018/reifop.20.3.265231
Azzi, R. G., & Polydoro, S. A. (Eds.). (2006). Auto-eficácia em diferentes contextos [Self-efficacy in different contexts]. Alínea.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/1.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bermejo, L., & Prieto, M. (2005). Educational uneasiness and teacher self-efficacy beliefs. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 42(232), 493-51. https://bit.ly/3uaUU68
Blanco, Á., Asensio, I., Carpintero, E., Ruiz de Miguel, C., & Expósito, E. (2017). Applications of hierarchical segmentation in measurement and evaluation of educational programs. Examples with a financial education program. Educación XX1, 20(2), 235-257. https://doi.org/10.5944/educXX1.14464
Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen R. A., & Stone, C. J. (1984). Classification and regression trees. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2th ed.). The Guilford Press.
Bueno-Álvarez, J. A., Martín-Martín, M. y Asensio-Muñoz, I. (2022). Self-Efficacy in Future Teachers: Systematic Review in Iberoamerica 2015-2020. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 20(4), 31-50. https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2022.20.4.002
Burgueño, R., Sicilia, A., Medina-Casaubón, J., Alcaraz-Ibañez, M., & Lirola, M. J. (2019). Psychometry of the teacher’s sense of efficacy scale in Spanish teachers’ education. The Journal of Experimental Education, 87(1), 89-10. https://doi.org/1.1080/00220973.2018.1423542
Cain, M. K., Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K. H. (2017). Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation. Behavior research methods, 49, 1716-1735. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0814-1
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464-504. https://doi.org/1.1080/10705510701301834
Chesnut, S. R., & Burley, H. (2015). Self-efficacy as a predictor of commitment to the teaching profession: A meta-analysis. Education Research and Review, 15, 1-16. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.edurev.2015.02.001
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233–255. https://doi.org/1.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Covarrubias, C. G. (2014). The sense of self-efficacy in a sample of Chilean teachers (Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Complutense de Madrid). https://bit.ly/3feiElr
Covarrubias, C. G., & Mendoza, M. C. (2016). Adaptation and validation of the Self efficacy Sense Questionnaire in a sample of Chilean teachers. Universitas Psychologica, 15(2), 97-108. https://doi.org/1.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-2.avcs
Dominguez-Lara, S., Fernández-Arata, M., Merino-Soto, C., Navarro-Loli, J., & Calderón-De la Cruz, G. (2019). Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scale: structural analysis and measurement invariance in Peruvian teachers of public schools. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 11(3), 61-72. https://doi.org/1.32348/1852.4206.v11.n3.24624
Friedman, I. A., & Kass, E. (2002). Teacher self-efficacy: a classroom-organization conceptualization. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18(6), 675-686. https://doi.org/1.1016/S0742-051X(02)00027-6
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/1.1080/10705519909540118
Kass, G. V. (1980). An exploratory technique for investigating large quantities of categorical data. Applied Statistics, 29(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/1.2307/2986296
Kleinsasser, R. C. (2014). Teacher efficacy in Teaching and Teacher Education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 44, 168-179. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.tate.2014.07.007
Lera, M. J., León-Pérez, J. M., & Ruiz-Zorrilla, P. (2021). Adaptation of the Teacher Efficacy Scale to measure effective teachers’ educational practices through students’ ratings: A multilevel approach. Psicothema 33(3), 509-517. https://doi.org/1.7334/psicothema202.262
Li, C. H. (2014). The performance of MLR, USLMV, and WLSMV estimation in structural regression models with ordinal variables. Michigan State University. https://bit.ly/3FTUb0r
Martínez-Luque, C. M, Hervás-Gómez, C., & Román-Graván, P. (2017). Experience in the university field: self-efficacy and teacher motivation. International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 8, 175-184. https://bit.ly/3uaX7ys
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2017). MPLUS (Version 8). [Software].
Pajares, F. (1992). Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct. Review of Educational Research, 62(3), 307-332. http://doi.org/1.3102/00346543062003307
Perandones, T. M., & Castejón, J. L. (2007). Estudio correlacional entre personalidad, inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia en profesorado de educación secundaria y bachillerato [Correlational study between personality, emotional intelligence and self-efficacy in Secondary and High School teachers]. In A. Jiménez & M.A. Lou (Eds.), V Congreso Internacional “Educación y Sociedad”. La Educación: Retos del S. XXI (pp. 1-8). Ilustre Colegio de Doctores y Licenciados en Ciencias y en Letras de Granada, Almería y Jaén. https://bit.ly/2RLkGk6
Perandones, T. M., & Herrera, L. (2017). Teacher self-efficacy and personal strengths and virtues in teachers from Dominican Republic. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 1(2), 387-396. https://doi.org/1.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v3.1006
Rodriguez, S., Nuñez, J. C., Valle, A., Blas, R., & Rosario, P. (2009). Autoeficacia Docente, motivación del profesor y estrategias de enseñanza [Teacher self-efficacy, teacher motivation, and teaching strategies]. Escritos de Psicología, 3(1), 1-7. https://bit.ly/3wXbEmj
Salanova, M., Grau, R., Martínez, I. M., Cifre, E., Llorens, S., & García-Renedo, M. (Eds.), (2004). Nuevos horizontes en la investigación sobre autoeficacia [New horizons in self-efficacy research]. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Jaume I.
Salas-Rodríguez F., Lara, S., & Martínez, M. (2021). Spanish version of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale: An adaptation and validation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 714145. https://doi.org/1.3389/fpsyg.2021.714145
Suárez-Escobar, S. (2018). Relación entre la autoeficacia docente y la autoestima en profesores que laboran en un grupo de colegios colombianos [Relationship between teacher self-efficacy and self-esteem in teachers working in a group of Colombian schools]. Revista Internacional de Estudios en Educación, 18(1), 46-6. https://doi.org/1.37354/riee.2018.179
Tschannen-Moran, M., & McMaster, P. (2009). Sources of self-efficacy: four professional development formats and their relationship to self-efficacy and implementations of a new teaching strategy. Elementary School Journal, 110(2), 228-245. https://doi.org/1.1086/605771
Tschannen-Moran, M., Salloum, S.J., & Goddard, R. D. (2015). Context matters. The influence of collective beliefs and shared norms. In H. Fives, & M. G. Gill (Eds.), International handbook of research on teachers’ beliefs (pp. 301-316). Routledge. https://doi.org/1.4324/9780203108437
Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk-Hoy, A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68(2), 202-248. https://doi.org/1.3102/00346543068002202
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk-Hoy, A. (2001). Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783-805. https://doi.org/1.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1
Uriarte, J. D., Pegalajar, M., León-López, J. M. de, & Galindo, H. (2019). Relationships between attitudes towards inclusive education, self-efficacy and teaching resilience. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 2(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/1.17060/ijodaep.2019.n1.v2.1452
Xia, Y. (2016). Investigating the chi-square-based model-fit indexes for WLSMV and ULSMV estimators. https://bit.ly/3FJRldZ
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 981-1015. https://doi.org/1.3102/0034654315626801
Copyright (c) 2023 Servicio de Publicaciones, University of Murcia (Spain)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.