The contribution of participation in meaningful activities on mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Spanish population
Abstract
Introducción: Durante el confinamiento provocado por el COVID-19 en España, los ciudadanos tuvieron que dejar de realizar actividades de forma habitual, lo cual podría haber tenido un impacto en la salud mental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la contribución de la participación en actividades significativas sobre la salud mental en la población española durante el confinamiento por COVID. Método: Se realizó una encuesta web de diseño transversal, donde se evaluó la salud mental (Cuestionario de Salud General: GHQ), la resiliencia (Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson), la participación en actividades significativas (Encuesta de Participación en Actividades Significativas), así como datos sociodemográficos. Se utilizó una regresión jerárquica-lineal para identificar las correlaciones clave. Resultados: Los participantes (N = 311) informaron de una baja salud mental (M = 16,12/36), y también de un menor nivel de resiliencia (M = 25,48). Los resultados de la regresión revelaron que el 32,6% de la varianza del GHQ se explicaba significativamente por la posibilidad de tener en la vivienda un espacio exterior, la resiliencia y la participación en actividades significativas. La pérdida de actividades significativas se relacionó significativamente con la salud mental, contribuyendo significativamente controlando las otras variables (β = -.12). Conclusiones: Aunque se necesitan estudios experimentales para determinar la causalidad, este estudio pone de manifiesto la relación entre la participación en actividades significativas y la salud mental durante el confinamiento.
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