El fenómeno del sexting entre los adolescentes españoles: prevalencia, actitudes, motivaciones y variables explicativas

Autores/as

  • María Dolores Gil-Llario Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia
  • Vicente Morell-Mengual Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia
  • Cristina Giménez García Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-1224
  • Rafael Ballester-Arnal Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-1144
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.390481
Palabras clave: sexting, adolescentes, prevalencia, actitudes, impulsividad

Resumen

El sexting es un fenómeno que consiste en el envío y la recepción de fotos, videos y/o mensajes de texto de naturaleza sexual a través de smartphones. Como en todos los demás países desarrollados, se está convirtiendo en una práctica cada vez más popular entre los adolescentes de España. Al tratarse de un fenómeno muy reciente todavía no existen muchos trabajos que hayan estudiado con profundidad su entidad y sus factores implicados. Por tanto, los dos objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia y analizar las variables explicativas del inicio y del mantenimiento de las conductas de sexting. La muestra estuvo formada por 784 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M = 14.44; DT = 1.61). Los resultados indican que el 24.4% ha practicado sexting en alguna ocasión, realizando esta conducta con una media de 2.32 personas (DT = 2.70). El análisis de regresión reveló que las actitudes positivas hacia el sexting, el nivel de impulsividad, la edad, ser hombre y el mantener una relación de pareja son variables que predicen la práctica del sexting. Estos resultados son muy importantes en la elaboración e implementación de estrategias preventivas que enfaticen el uso responsable de las TICS y las redes sociales.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Alcázar-Córcoles, M. A., Verdejo, A. J., & Bouso-Sáiz, J. C. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de impulsividad de Plutchik en una muestra de jóvenes hispanohablantes [Psychometric Properties of Plutchik’s Impulsivity Scale in Juvenile Spanish-speaking population]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 43(5), 161-169.

Alfaro, M., Vázquez, M. E., Fierro, A., Herrero, B., Muñoz, M. F., & Rodríguez, L. (2015). Uso y riesgos de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en adolescentes de 13-18 años [Use and risks of information and communication technologies in the adolescents from 13 to 18 years]. Acta Pediátrica Española, 73(6), e126-e135.

Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Espada-Sánchez, P., Morell-Mengual, V., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2018). Psychometric properties and validation of the sexual sensation seeking scale in Spanish adolescents: Brief screening method for use in research and clinical practice. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.006

Barrense-Dias, Y., Berchtold, A., Surís, J. C., & Akre, C. (2017). Sexting and the Definition Issue. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(5), 544-554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.009

Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., Peter, J., Valkenburg, P. M., & Livingstone, S. (2014). Does country context matter? Investigating the predictors of teen sexting across Europe. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.041

Chalfen, R. (2009). ‘It’s only a picture’: Sexting, ‘smutty’ snapshots and felony charges. Visual Studies, 24(3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725860903309203

Cooper, K., Quayle, E., Jonsson, L., & Göran, C. (2016). Adolescents and self-taken sexual images: A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 706-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.003

Cruz, L., & Soriano, E. (2014). Psychological Aspects, Attitudes and Behaviour Related to the Practice of Sexting: A Systematic Review of the Existent Literature. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 132, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.286

Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., Maziarz, L. y Ward, B. (2012). Prevalence and Correlates of Sexting Behavior in Adolescents. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7(1), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2012.650959

Delevi, R., & Weisskirch, R. S. (2013). Personality factors as predictors of sexting. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2589-2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.003

Dir, A. L., Cyders, M. A., & Coskunpinar, A. (2013). From the bar to the bed via mobile phone: A first test of the role of problematic alcohol use, sexting, and impulsivity-related traits in sexual hookups. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1664-1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.039

Dir, A.L., Coskunpinar, A., Steiner, J.L., & Cyders, M.A. (2013). Understanding Differences in Sexting Behaviors Across Gender, Relationship Status, and Sexual Identity, and the Role of Expectancies in Sexting. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(8), 568-574. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0545

Drouin, M., & Landgraff, C. (2012). Texting, sexting, and attachment in college students' romantic relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 444-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.015

Drouin, M., & Tobin, E. (2014). Unwanted but consensual sexting among young adults: Relations with attachment and sexual motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 412-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.001

Ferguson, C. J. (2011). Sexting behaviors among young Hispanic women: Incidence and association with other high-risk sexual behaviors. Psychiatric Quarterly, 82(3), 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-010-9165-8

Fleschler-Peskin, M., Markham, C. M., Addy, R. C., Shegog, R., Thiel, M., & Tortolero, S. R. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of sexting among ethnic minority urban high school students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16 (6), 454-459. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0452

Gámez-Guadix, M., de Santisteban, P., & Resett, S. (2017). Sexting among Spanish adolescents: Prevalence and personality profiles. Psicothema, 29(1), 29-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.222

Hudson, H. K., & Fetro, J. V. (2015). Sextual activity: Predictors of sexting behaviors and intentions to sext among selected undergraduate students. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.048

INTECO (2010). Estudio sobre seguridad y privacidad en el uso de los servicios móviles por los menores españoles [Study on security and privacy in the use of mobile services by Spanish teenagers]. Retrieved from http://www.pantallasamigas.net/pdf/estudio_sobre_seguridad_y_privacidad_en_el_uso_de_los_servicios_moviles_por_los_menores_espanoles.pdf

INTECO (2011). Guía sobre adolescencia y sexting: qué es y cómo prevenirlo [Guide to adolescence and sexting: what it is and how to prevent it]. Retrieved from https://www.educacion.navarra.es/documents/57308/57740/adolescencia_y_sexting.pdf/d3904f58-8411-48c9-a8ff-0c01c6a95753

Rhyner, K. J., Uhl, C. A., & Terrance, C. A. (2018). Are Teens Being Unfairly Punished? Applying the Dual Systems Model of Adolescent Risk-Taking to Sexting Among Adolescents. Youth Justice, 18(1), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1473225417741227

Klettke, B., Hallford, D. J., & Mellor, D. J. (2014). Sexting prevalence and correlates: A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.007

Lippman, J. R., & Campbell, S. W. (2014). Damned if you do, damned if you don't… if you're a girl: Relational and normative contexts of adolescent sexting in the United States. Journal of Children and Media, 8(4), 371-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2014.923009

Luzón, J. M., Ramos, E., Recio, P., & de la Peña, E. M. (2011). Andalucía detecta. Sexismo y Violencia de Género en la Juventud [Andalusia detects. Sexism and Gender Violence in Youth]. Sevilla: Instituto Andaluz de la Mujer.

Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2014). Sexting behaviors among adolescents in rural North Carolina: A theoretical examination of low selfcontrol and deviant peer association. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(2), 68-78.

Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The rosenberg self-esteem scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727

Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., Jones, L. M. y Wolak, J. (2012). Prevalence and Characteristics of Youth Sexting: A National Study. Pediatrics, 129(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1730

Morelli, M., Bianchi, D., Baiocco, R., Pezzuti, L., & Chirumbolo, A. (2016). Not-allowed sharing of sexts and dating violence from the perpetrator's perspective: The moderation role of sexism. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.047

Parker, T. S., Blackburn, K. M., Perry, M. S., & Hawks, J. M. (2013). Sexting as an intervention: Relationship satisfaction and motivation considerations. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2011.635134

Plutchik R., & Van Praag, H. (1989). The measurement of suicidality, aggressivity and impulsivity. Progress in Neuropsychopaharmacology Biology and Psychiatry, 13, S23-S34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(89)90107-3

Quesada, S., Fernandez-González, L., & Calvete, E. (2018). El sexteo (sexting) en la adolescencia: prevalencia y asociación con la victimización de ciberacoso y violencia en el noviazgo [Sexting in adolescence: frequency and association with the victimization of cyberbullying and dating violence]. Behavioral Psychology-Psicología Conductual, 26(2), 225-242.

Ricketts, M. L., Maloney, C., Marcum, C. D., & Higgins, G. E. (2015). The effect of Internet-related problems on the sexting behaviors of juveniles. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(2), 270-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9247-5

Rodríguez-Castro, Y., Alonso-Ruido, P., González-Fernández, A., Lameiras-Fernández, M., & Carrera-Fernández, M. V. (2017). Spanish adolescents' attitudes towards sexting: Validation of a scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 375-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.049

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Samimi, P., & Alderson, K. G. (2014). Sexting among undergraduate students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.027

Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002

Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2008). Age Differences in Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity as Indexed by Behavior and Self-Report: Evidence for a Dual Systems Model. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1764-1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012955

Strassberg, D. S., Cann, D., & Velarde, V. (2017). Sexting by High School Students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(6), 1667-1672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0926-9

Strassberg, D. S., McKinnon, R. K., Sustaíta, M. A., & Rullo, J. (2013). Sexting by high school students: An exploratory and descriptive study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9969-8

Temple, J. R., & Choi, H. (2014). Longitudinal association between teen sexting and sexual behavior. Pediatrics, 134(5), 1287-1292. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1974

Temple, J. R., Paul, J. A., Van den Berg, P., Le, V. D., McElhany, A., & Temple, B. W. (2012). Teen sexting and its association with sexual behaviors. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166(9), 828-833. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.835

Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., Walrave, M., & d’Haenens, L. (2017). Adolescent sexting from a social learning perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 34(1), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.05.009

Van Ouytsel, J., Van Gool, E., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2014). Brief report: The association between adolescents' characteristics and engagement in sexting. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1387-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.10.004

Van Ouytsel, J., Van Gool, E., Walrave, M., Ponnet, K., & Peeters, E. (2017). Sexting: adolescents’ perceptions of the applications used for, motives for, and consequences of sexting. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(4), 446-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1241865

Walrave, M., Ponnet, K., Van Ouytsel, J., Van Gool, E., Heirman, W., & Verbeek, A. (2015). Whether or not to engage in sexting: Explaining adolescent sexting behaviour by applying the prototype willingness model. Telematics and Informatics, 32(4), 796-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.03.008

Weisskirch, R. S., & Delevi, R. (2011). “Sexting” and adult romantic attachment. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1697-1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.008

Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D. y Mitchell, K. J. (2012). How often are teens arrested for sexting? Data from a national sample of police cases. Pediatrics, 129(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2242

Wood, M., Barter, C., Stanley, N., Aghtaie, N., & Larkins, C. (2015). Images across Europe: The sending and receiving of sexual images and associations with interpersonal violence in young people's relationships. Children and Youth Services Review, 59, 149-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.11.005

Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014) “Sexting” and Its Relation to Sexual Activity and Sexual Risk Behavior in a National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(6), 757-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.012

Publicado
09-04-2020
Cómo citar
Gil-Llario, M. D., Morell-Mengual, V., Giménez García, C., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2020). El fenómeno del sexting entre los adolescentes españoles: prevalencia, actitudes, motivaciones y variables explicativas. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 36(2), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.390481
Número
Sección
Psicología clínica y de la salud

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a