La dimensionalidad de la inteligencia emocional: Evidencia de un modelo de cuatro factores para adolescentes post-soviéticos y de Asia Central
Resumen
Introducción: El estudio de la inteligencia emocional (IE) ha suscitado una atención significativa debido a su relevancia para diversos grupos de edades y poblaciones, así como para personas de diferentes contextos sociales y académicos. La capacidad de un individuo para comprender y gestionar eficazmente sus propias emociones, así como comprender y manejar las emociones de los demás, se ha identificado como una habilidad vital y un antecedente del éxito personal, social y profesional. Aunque la dimensionalidad de la IE se ha explorado ampliamente en contextos occidentales, existe una relativa falta de investigación en contextos post-soviéticos y en Asia Central. Metodología: Basándonos en una herramienta construida en Rusia por Lyusin y en una muestra amplia de adolescentes (N = 658) de 12 escuelas, encontramos muy pocas diferencias en la media de la IE las escuelas muestreadas. Utilizando un análisis factorial confirmatorio de primer orden, este estudio encontró evidencia de un modelo de IE de cuatro factores que incluye la comprensión y gestión de las propias emociones, así como la comprensión y gestión de las emociones de los demás. Results: El modelo presenta un ajuste de modelo adecuado, validez discriminante, correlaciones entre factores similares a las de otros estudios, así como una sólida invarianza según el género (aunque parcialmente invariance para el idioma). También encontramos evidencia de que las adolescentes muestran niveles ligeramente más altos de comprensión de las emociones de los demás y niveles más bajos de gestión de sus propias emociones. Conclusión: El modelo de cuatro factores puede ser una herramienta útil para medir la IE de los adolescentes, aunque se requieren más investigaciones sobre su utilidad en otros contextos postsoviéticos, de Asia Central y más allá.
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