Calidad de vida en adolescentes. Un estudio longitudinal del impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19
Resumen
Diversos estudios han informado que la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en adolescentes ha disminuido durante la pandemia por COVID-19. En este trabajo se analizó la CVRS en jóvenes de 13 a 17 años una vez finalizada la pandemia. Para ello se hizo un seguimiento en tres momentos diferentes: antes de la pandemia (2019), durante las restricciones de la pandemia (2021) y tras las restricciones de la misma (2022).
Se utilizó un diseño de retardo temporal (time-lag design) en tres fases, con un total de 2027 adolescentes que cumplimentaron el cuestionario Kidscreen-10 de CVRS. Mediante modelos ANOVA y de regresión logística se analizó la influencia del género, la práctica deportiva y estar en tratamiento en salud mental. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un empeoramiento de la CVRS en 2021, cuando los jóvenes volvían a los centros educativos en régimen de semipresencialidad. Este descenso fue independiente del género. En 2022, una vez eliminadas todas las restricciones, la CVRS se recuperó a niveles prepandemia en los chicos, pero no en las chicas. Lo mismo ocurrió con los jóvenes en tratamiento de salud mental. En todos los casos, la práctica deportiva se mostró como un factor protector de la CVRS.
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