Estilos parentales y creencias agresivas. El papel mediador de los afectos.

Autores/as

  • Carlos Salavera Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Eva Urbón Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Pablo Usán Universidad de Zaragoza
  • José L. Antoñanzas Universidad de Zaragoza
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.532741
Palabras clave: Estilos parentales, Conductas agresivas, Afectos

Resumen

Los estilos de crianza (autoritario, democrático, permisivo y negligente) juegan un papel clave en el desarrollo personal y pueden estar relacionados con creencias y afectos agresivos en el individuo. Para examinar esta relación, 769 sujetos (359 hombres; 46.68%), con una edad promedio de 21.89 años, DT= 2.65, fueron evaluados en términos de estilos de crianza, creencias agresivas y afectos; También se exploró el papel mediador de los afectos en la relación entre creencias agresivas y estilos de crianza. El estudio reveló que estos constructos están interrelacionados. Se encontró que el estilo de crianza democrático era el más extendido. En términos de género, los estilos autoritativos se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia en hombres que en mujeres, entre los cuales el estilo permisivo fue el más común. No se encontraron diferencias de género significativas en cuanto a los estilos de crianza democráticos y negligentes. Se reveló que las mujeres estaban más expuestas a los afectos negativos y que las creencias agresivas eran más prevalentes en los hombres. Los niños educados según un estilo democrático obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en afectos positivos y más bajas en creencias agresivas. Los estilos autoritativos tienden a conducir a puntuaciones superiores a la media en afectos positivos y creencias agresivas. Además, una de cada cinco personas educadas según un estilo permisivo obtiene una puntuación alta en afecto negativo, y una de cada cuatro personas educadas según un estilo negligente obtiene puntuaciones altas en creencias agresivas. Finalmente, se descubrió que los estilos de crianza tienen un efecto directo sobre las creencias agresivas, efecto potenciado por el papel mediador que desempeñan los afectos. En conclusión, el estudio sugiere que los estilos de crianza están relacionados con creencias y afectos agresivos. Además, se demostró que los afectos desempeñan un papel mediador en la relación entre los estilos de crianza y las creencias agresivas. Finalmente, vale la pena enfatizar que, debido a las implicaciones de gran alcance que los estilos de crianza tienen en el desarrollo psicológico, social y personal del individuo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones, no sólo para examinar su relación con los afectos y las creencias agresivas, sino también también con otras variables psicológicas implicadas en el desarrollo personal.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Aguirre-Dávila, E. (2015). [Upbringing, Temperament, and Prosocial Behavior of Elementary School Students]. Prácticas de crianza, temperamento y comportamiento prosocial de estudiantes de educación básica. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13(1), 223-243.

Ahmetoglu, E., Ildiz, G., Acar, I., & Encinger, A. (2018). Children's Emotion Regulation and Attachment to Parents: Parental Emotion Socialization as a Moderator. Social Behavior and Personality, 46(6), 969-984. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6795

Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting inter- actions. London: Sage Publications.

Aimé, C., Paquette, D., Déry, M., & Verlaan, P. (2018). Predictors of childhood trajectories of overt and indirect aggression: An interdisciplinary approach. Aggressive Behavior, 44, 382–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21759

Ayarza, Y., Villalobos, S., Bolívar, L., Ramos, N., Rentería, K., Arias, A., & Vanegas, M. (2014). [Families in Urabá: state of the art about families, typologies, upbringing and their transformations]. Las familias en Urabá: estado del arte sobre familias, tipologías, crianza y sus transformaciones. Educación y Humanismo, 16(27), 87-105.

Aziz, M., Khan, W., Amin, F., & Khan, M.F. (2021). Influence of parenting styles and peer attachment on life satisfaction among adolescents: Mediation role of self-esteem. Family Journal, (in press). https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807211009807

Barnett, M.D., Maciel, I.V., Johnson, D.M., & Ciepluch, I. (2021). Social anxiety and perceived social support: gender differences and the mediating role of communication styles. Psychological Reports, 124, 70-87.

Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L.M. (1991). Attachment styles among Young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.

Batista, J.M. & Coenders, G. (2000). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales [Estructural equation models] Madrid: La Muralla.

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology, 75(1), 43-88.

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt.2), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372

Beharie, N., Scheidell, J.D., Quinn, K., McGorray, S., Vaddiparti, K., Kumar, P.C., Frueh, B.C., Boone, L., & Khan, M.R. (2019). Associations of adolescent exposure to severe violence with substance use from adolescence into adulthood: direct versus indirect exposures. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(2), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2018.1495737

Bhattacharyya, P. & Pradhan, R.K. (2015). Perceived paternal parenting style and proactive coping strategies of Indian adolescents. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(2), 180-194. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n2p180

Bocanegra, E. (2007). [The parenting practices between the Colony and the Independence of Colombia: the discourses that enunciate them and make them visible]. Las prácticas de crianza entre la Colonia y la Indepen-dencia de Colombia: los discursos que las enuncian y las hacen visibles. Revista Latinoamericana Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 5(1), 1-22.

Cai, H., Luo, Y.L.L., Chen, J., Li, X., & Xie, Y. (2021). Is implicit social cognition developmentally stable? A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 57(12), 2220–2233. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001255

Cámara, A., & López, J. B. (2011). [Styles of education in the family]. Estilos de educación en el ámbito familiar. Revista Española de Orientación y Pedagogía, 22(3), 257-276.

Campbell, L., & Kashy, D.A. (2002). Estimating actor, partner, and interaction effects for dyadic data using PROC MIXED and HLM: A user-friendly guide. Personal Relationships, 9, 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00023

Chan, T.W., & Koo, A. (2011). Parenting style and youth outcomes in the UK. European Sociological Review, 27(3), 385-399.

Ciocanel, O., Power, K., Eriksen, A., & Gillings, K. (2017). Effectiveness of positive youths development interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(3), 483-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0555-6

Contini, E. (2015). [Aggressiveness and social skills in adolescence. A conceptual approach]. Agresividad y habilidades sociales en la adolescencia. Una aproximación conceptual. Psicodebate, 15(2), 31-54. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v15i2.533

Cuervo, A.A., & Martínez, E.A. (2017). Relationship among parental restorative discipline, shame management, sympathy and bullying. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 34(1), 37-45.

Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting Style as context: an integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.113.3.487

de la Osa, N.; Penelo, E.; Navarro, J.B.; Trepat, E.; Ezpeleta, L. (2021). Source-Specific Information on Social Cognition: A Matter of Context or Concept? Journal of Personality Assessesment, 104(6), 824-836. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.2014507

Ditcheva, M., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., & Batista, A. (2018). People who need people: trait loneliness influences positive affect as a function of interpersonal context. Biological Psychology, 136, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.014

Espinoza-García, A. (2020). [Parental socialization styles in a sample of Chilean teenagers]. Estilos de socialización parental en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 7(1), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2020.07.1.6

Flores-Kanter, P.E., Garrido, L.E., Moretti, L.S., & Medrano, L.A. (2021). A modern network approach to revisiting the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) construct validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(10), 2370-2404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23191

Frost, B.C., Ko, C.H.E., & James, L.R. (2007). Implicit and explicit personality: A test of a channeling hypothesis for aggressive behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1299–1319.

Fuentes, M.C., Garcia-Ros, R., Pérez-González, F., & Sancerni, D. (2019). Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152778

Fuentes, M.C., García, F., Gracia, E., & Alarcón, A. (2015). [Parenting styles of socialization and psychological adjustment. A study with Spanish adolescents]. Los estilos parentales de socialización y el ajuste psicológico. Un estudio con adolescentes españoles. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 20(1), 117-138.

Furlow, C.M. (2018). What is behavior? In K. C. Radley & E. H. Dart (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral interventions in schools (pp. 1–14). Oxford University Press.

Gámez-Guadix, M. & Almendros, C. (2015). Parental discipline in Spain and in the United States: differences by country, parent-child gender and education level, Infancia y Aprendizaje, 38:3, 569-599, https://doi.org/10.1080/02103702.2015.1054665

García, F., & Gracia, E. (2009). Is always authoritative the optimum parenting styles? Evidence from Spanish families. Adolescence, 44, 101-131.

García, O.F., Serra, E., Zacarés, J.J., & García, F. (2018). Parenting styles and short- and long-term socialization outcomes: A study among Spanish adolescents and older adults. Psychosocial Intervention, 27, 153-161.

Garofalo, C.; Neumann, C.S.; Velotti, P. (2021). Psychopathy and aggression: The role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36, NP12640–NP12664.

Gómez-Leal, R., Megías-Robles, A., Gutiérrez-Cobo, M.J., Cabello, R., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2020). Personal risk and protective factors involved in aggressive behavior. Journal of interpersonal Violence, p. 0886260520926322.

González-García, H.; Pelegrín, A. y Carballo, J.L (2018). [Estilos educativos parentales como predictor del éxito y nivel de competición deportivo]. Parental Education Styles as a Predictor of Sport Success and Competition Level. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 18(71), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2018.71.012

Gorostiaga, A., Aliri, J., Balluerka, N., & Lameirinhas, J. (2019). Parenting styles and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3192.

Greenwald, A.G., & Banaji, M.R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4–27.

Greenwald, A.G., & Lai, C.K. (2020). Implicit Social Cognition, Annual Review of Psychology, 71, 419-445.

Hay, D.F., Paine, A.L., Perra, O., Cook, K.V., Hashmi, S., Robinson, C., Kairis, V., & Slade, R. (2021). Prosocial and aggressive behavior: a longitudinal study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 86(2), 7– 103. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12427

Hernández, H., Pelegrín, A., & Carballo, J.L. (2018). [Parental educational styles and satisfaction with expectations]. Estilos educativos parentales y satisfacción con las expectativas deportivas. EmásF: revista digital de educación física, 50, 62-73.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Huang, F., Cornell, D., Konold, T. (2015). Aggressive attitudes in middle schools: A factor structure and criterion-related validity study. Assessment, 22, 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114551016

Hunter, S.B., Barber, B.K., Stolz, H.E. (2015). Extending knowledge of parents’ role in adolescent development: the mediating effect of self-steem. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2474-2484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0050-1

James, L.R. (1998). Measurement of personality via conditional reasoning. Organizational Research Methods, 1, 131–163.

James, L.R., & Mazerolle, M.D. (2002). Personality at work. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

James, L.R., McIntyre, M.D., Glisson, C.A., Green, P.D., Patton, T.W., LeBreton, J.M., . . . Williams, L.J. (2005). A conditional reasoning measure for aggression. Organizational Research Methods, 8, 69–99.

Jorge, E., & González, M.C. (2017). [Parenting styles: a theoretical review]. Estilos de crianza parental: una revisión teórica. Informes Psicológicos, 17(2), 39-66. https://doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v17n2a02

Lawall, A.R., Tram, J.M., & Kumar, N. (2021). The impact of parenting styles on subsequent parenting styles in sons. Family Journal, (in press).

Levenson, J.L. (2020). Aggression and Violence. American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, 3rd Edition.

López, D.P., Llor-Esteban, B., Ruiz-Hernández, J.A., Luna-Maldonado, A., & Puente-López, E. (2021). Attitudes Towards School Violence: A Qualitative Study With Spanish Children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520987994

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. En P. H. Mussen y E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality and social development 4ª ed. (pp. 1-101). Wiley.

Marsh, H.W., Hau, K.T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In Search of Golden Rules: Comment on Hypothesis-Testing Approaches to Setting Cutoff Values for Fit Indexes and Dangers in Overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) Findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320–341. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2

Martínez-Martí, M.L. & Ruch, W. (2017). Caracter strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 110-119.

Martínez, E., & Julián, A. (2017). [Relationship between parenting styles or parenting practices and child-youth anxiety: a literature review]. Relación entre los estilos educativos parentales o prácticas de crianza y la ansiedad infanto-juvenil: una revisión bibliográfica. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 75(267), 337-351.

Martínez, I., & García, J.F. (2007). Impact of parenting styles on adolescents self-esteem and internalization of values in Spain. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 338-348.

Martos, A., Molero, M.D.M., Pérez-Fuentes, M.D.C., Simón, M.D.M., Barragán, A.B., Gázquez, J.J. (2021). The Complex Nature of School Violence: Attitudes Toward Aggression, Empathy and Involvement Profiles in Violence. Psychological Research and Behavior Management, 14, 575-586. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S313831

Michel, J.S., Hartman, P., & Gitter, S. (2015). Development and validation of a short form aggressive beliefs and attitudes scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.041

Michel, J.S., Pace, V., Edun, A., Sawhney, E., & Thomas, J. (2014). Development and validation of a explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.832260

Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child Family Studies, 16(1), 39-47.

Möller, E.L., Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S.M. (2016). Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 17-33.

Morris, A.S., Ratliff, E.L., Cosgrove, K.T., & Steinberg, L. (2021). We know even more things: A decade review of parenting research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 870-888. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12641

Newcorn, J.H., Ivanov, I., Chacko, A., & Javdani, S. (2016). Aggression and violence. In: Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2nd ed. Edited by M.K. Dulcan. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Press; 2016; pp. 603–620.

Oliver, B.R., Barker, E.D., Mandy, W.P.L., Skuse, D.H., & Maughan, B. (2011). Social cognition and conduct problems: A developmental approach. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.006

Pérez-Fuentes, M.C., Molero, M.M., Gázquez, J.J., Oropesa, N.F., Simón, M.M., & Saracostti, M. (2019). Parenting practices, life satisfaction, and the role of self-esteem in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 4045.

Pérez-Gramaje, A.F., Garcia, O.F., Reyes, M., Serra, E., & Garcia, F. (2020). Parenting styles and aggressive adolescents: Relationships with self-esteem and personal maladjustment. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12, 1-10.

Rawolle, M., Schultheiss, M., & Schultheiss, O.C. (2013). Relationships between implicit motives, self-attributed motives, and personal goal commitments. Frontiers in Psychology, 4:923. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00923

Rodríguez, M.A., Del Barrio, M.V., & Carrasco, M.A. (2009). [How do children perceive maternal and paternal upbringing? Differences by age and sex]. ¿Cómo perciben los hijos la crianza materna y paterna? Diferencias por edad y sexo. Escritos de Psicología, 2(2), 10-18.

Rosa-Alcázar, A.I., Parada-Navas, P., & Rosa-Alcázar, A. (2014). [Psychopathological symptoms in Spanish adolescents: relationship with perceived parental styles and self-esteem]. Síntomas psicopatológicos en adolescentes españoles: relación con los estilos parentales percibidos y la autoestima. Anales de Psicología, 30(1), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.1.165371

Ryan, S.M., Jorm, A.F., & Lubman, D.I. (2010). Parenting factors associated with reduced adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 774-783.

Salavera, C., Usán, P., & Jarie, L. (2017). Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in Secondary Education students. Are there gender differences? Journal of Adolescence, 60, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009

Schmidt, N.B.; Vereenooghe, L. (2021). Targeting hostile attributions in inclusive schools through online cognitive bias modification: A randomised experiment. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 146, 103949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103949

Sorbring, E., Rödholm-Funnemark, M., & Palmérus, K. (2003). Boys’ and girls’ perceptions of parental discipline in transgression situations. Infant and Child Development, 12, 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.265

Torío, S., Peña, J.V., & Rodríguez, M.C. (2008). [Parental educational styles: bibliographic review and theoretical reformulation]. Estilos educativos parentales: revisión bibliográfica y reformulación teórica. Teoría de la Educación, 20, 151-178.

Tur-Porcar, A., Mestre, V., & Llorca, A. (2015). [Parental styles: psychometric analysis of two studies in Spanish population]. Estilos parentales: análisis psicométrico de dos estudios en población española. Anuario de Psicología, 45(3), 347-359.

Tur-Porcar, A., Mestre, V., Samper, P., & Malonda, E. (2012). [Child rearing and aggression: is the influence of the father and the mother different?]. Crianza y agresividad de los menores: ¿es diferente la influencia del padre y de la madre?. Psicothema, 24(2), 284-288.

van den Berg, Y.H.M., & Lansu, T.A.M. (2020). It's not just what you say, it's how you say it too. Adolescents' hostile attribution of intent and emotional responses to social comments. Aggressive Behavior, 46, 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21910

van den Heuvel, M.W.H., Stikkelbroek, Y.A.J., Bodden, D.H.M., van Baar, A.L. (2020). Coping with stressful life events: Cognitive emotion regulation profiles and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 32, 985-995.

Varela, J.J., Sánchez, P.A., Aguayo, F. et al. (2022). Gender attitudes, school violence and well-being among Chilean adolescents. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02637-z

Verhoef, R., Alsem, S.C., Verhulp, E.E., & De Castro, B.O. (2019). Hostile intent attribution and aggressive behavior in children revisited: a meta-analysis. Children Development, 90(5):e525–e547. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13255

Wilson, S.J., & Lipsey, M.W. (2007). School-based interventions for aggressive and disruptive behavior-Update of a meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(2), S130-143. https://doi.org/10-1016/j.amepre.2007.04.011

Winsler, A., Madigan, A. L., & Aquilino, S. A. (2005). Correspondence between maternal and paternal parenting styles in early childhood. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2005.01.007

Yang, J., & Zhao, X. (2020). Parenting styles and children’s academic performance: Evidence from middle schools in China. Children and Youth Services Review, 113, 105017.

Zach, S., Yazdi-Ugav, O., & Zeev, A. (2016). Academic achievements, behavioral problems, and loneliness as predictor of social skills among students with an without learning disorders. School Psychology International, 37(4), 378-396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034316649231

Zervides, S., & Knowles, A. (2007). Generational changes in parenting styles and the effect of culture. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 3, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.7790/ejap. v3i1.81

Zhao, Z.; Yu, X.; Ren, Z.; Zhang, L.; Li, X. (2022). The remediating effect of Attention Bias Modification on aggression in young offenders with antisocial tendency: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 75, 101711.

Zhu, J., Yu, C., Bao, Z., Jiang, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Qiu, B., & Zhang, J. (2017). Deviant peer affiliation as an explanatory mechanism in the association between corporal punishment and physical aggression: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents. Journal Abnormal Children Psychology, 45(8), 1537–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0259-0

Publicado
01-01-2024
Cómo citar
Salavera, C., Urbón, E., Usán, P., & Antoñanzas, J. L. (2024). Estilos parentales y creencias agresivas. El papel mediador de los afectos. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 40(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.532741
Número
Sección
Psicología evolutiva y de la educación