Media, platforms and generative AI: trends and associations in european information sources between 2022 and 2025

Authors

  • Rafael Braza Delgado University of Cádiz
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/trenden.715371
Keywords: information diet, media repertoires, digital platforms, generative artificial intelligence, social communication, Eurobarometer

Abstract

Introduction: This article examines the reconfiguration of the European information diet between 2022 and 2025 from the perspectives of social communication, media repertoires and platformization. Its aim is to analyze the continuity of traditional media, the growth of digital platforms, the expansion of audiovisual and audio formats, and the emergence in 2025 of a generative AI-based information source. Methodology: The study uses secondary microdata from three Flash Eurobarometers —ZA7903, ZA8777 and ZA9078— through a quantitative, observational, descriptive-associational and comparative design. The analysis combines weighted percentages, adjusted logistic models with country fixed effects, digital diet and information source diversity indices, co-use analysis and country-level ecological associations. Results: Television remains the most prevalent information source in 2025, although it shows a relative decline compared with 2022. Social media/blogs, video platforms and podcasts increase in both descriptive and adjusted terms. The generative AI-based source, available only in 2025, remains a minority source and is more strongly associated with video, social media, search engines and podcasts than with the television-radio block. Conclusions: The European information diet is not shifting linearly from television to generative AI; rather, it is being reorganized as a hybrid, multichannel and territorially uneven repertoire, structured by a persistent traditional layer, an expanding platformized layer and an emerging generative layer.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Views/Downloads
  • Abstract
    0
  • pdf (Español (España))
    0

Author Biography

Rafael Braza Delgado, University of Cádiz

A marketing professional and researcher with over 20 years of experience in both academic and corporate environments, with a strong technical and strategic background. Holds a Ph.D. in Marketing (ongoing) from the University of Cádiz, a Master’s Degree in Technologies for Market Research and Marketing from the University of Granada (2024), and a Telecommunications Engineering degree from the Polytechnic University of Madrid.

In academia, collaborations include institutions such as the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, where courses in Marketing Fundamentals and Digital Marketing are taught, and the Universidad Internacional de Valencia, focusing on subjects such as Marketing Management and Business Digitalization. Additionally, experience was gained at the Complutense University of Madrid, teaching subjects like Advertising, Marketing Strategy, and Market Research.

Furthermore, teaching has been provided at OBS Business School, covering Commercial Communication and supervising Master’s theses, along with specialized training in Digital Marketing and Artificial Intelligence.

In the corporate sector, a distinguished career has been developed at Telefónica España, holding roles such as Key Account Manager, Marketing Strategist, and Market Research Lead. Responsibilities have included managing relationships with large clients, planning marketing strategies, conducting market analysis, and leading innovative projects.

Research focuses on digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and their impact on consumer behavior and business performance. Known for the ability to integrate academic theory with practical applications, contributing to innovation and knowledge development in strategic marketing and business management.

References

Aïmeur, E., Amri, S., & Brassard, G. (2023). Fake news, disinformation and misinformation in social media: A review. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 13, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-023-01028-5

Aufderheide, P., Lieberman, D., Alkhallouf, A., & Ugboma, J. M. (2020). Podcasting as public media: The future of U.S. news, public affairs, and educational podcasts. International Journal of Communication, 14, 1683–1704. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/13548

Bodó, B., Helberger, N., Eskens, S., & Möller, J. (2019). Interested in diversity: The role of user attitudes, algorithmic feedback loops, and policy in news personalization. Digital Journalism, 7(2), 206–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292

Boulianne, S., & Hoffmann, C. P. (2024). Digital inclusion through algorithmic knowledge: Curated flows of civic and political information on Instagram. Media and Communication, 12, Article 8102. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8102

Cools, H., & Diakopoulos, N. (2024). Uses of generative AI in the newsroom: Mapping journalists’ perceptions of perils and possibilities. Journalism Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2024.2394558

Dvir-Gvirsman, S. (2022). Understanding news engagement on social media: A media repertoire approach. New Media & Society, 24(8), 1791–1812. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820961349

Ehrlén, V., Talvitie-Lamberg, K., Salonen, M., Koivula, M., Villi, M., & Uskali, T. (2023). Confusing content, platforms, and data: Young adults and trust in news media. Media and Communication, 11(4), 320–331. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i4.7104

European Parliament, Brussels. (2022). Flash Eurobarometer 2832 (News & Media Survey 2022) (ZA7903; Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. GESIS, Cologne. https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14012

European Parliament, Brussels. (2024). Flash Eurobarometer 3153 (Media & News Survey 2023) (ZA8777; Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. GESIS, Cologne. https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14244

European Parliament, Brussels. (2026). Flash Eurobarometer 3592 (Social Media Survey 2025) (ZA9078; Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. GESIS, Cologne. https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14703

Fletcher, R., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018a). Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis. New Media & Society, 20(7), 2450–2468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170

Fletcher, R., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018b). Automated serendipity: The effect of using search engines on news repertoire balance and diversity. Digital Journalism, 6(8), 976–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1502045

Govers, J., Pareek, S., Velloso, E., & Goncalves, J. (2025). Feeds of distrust: Investigating how AI-powered news chatbots shape user trust and perceptions. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 15(4), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3722227

Groot Kormelink, T., Hadden, B., Linssen, D., Santangelo, E., Blaauw, F., Kiewiet, L., & Keppel, P. (2025). Anytime, anyplace? The context-dependency of news podcast use. Journalism Studies, 26(8), 961–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2025.2487857

Guzman, A. L., & Lewis, S. C. (2024). What generative AI means for the media industries, and why it matters to study the collective consequences for advertising, journalism, and public relations. Emerging Media, 2(3), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543241289239

Hartley, J. M. (2018). “It’s something posh people do”: Digital distinction in young people’s cross-media news engagement. Media and Communication, 6(2), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i2.1322

Helberger, N. (2019). On the democratic role of news recommenders. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700

Helmond, A. (2015). The platformization of the web: Making web data platform ready. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115603080

Johnson, K., & McCall, M. (2025). Trust in pod: Listener trust of news content heard on different genre podcasts. Media and Communication, 13, Article 9182. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.9182

Kalogeropoulos, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Investing in online video news: A cross-national analysis of news organizations’ enterprising investments in online video news. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2207–2224. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1331709

Kümpel, A. S. (2022). Social media information environments and their implications for the uses and effects of news: The PINGS framework. Communication Theory, 32(2), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab012

Kümpel, A. S., Karnowski, V., & Keyling, T. (2015). News sharing in social media: A review of current research on news sharing users, content, and networks. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115610141

Lewis, S. C., Guzman, A. L., Schmidt, T. R., & Lin, B. (2025). Generative AI and its disruptive challenge to journalism: An institutional analysis. Communication and Change, 1, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44382-025-00008-x

Martínez-Costa, M. P., Amoedo-Casais, A., & Moreno-Moreno, E. (2022). The value of podcasts to journalism: Analysis of digital native media brands’ offerings, production and publishing in Spain. Profesional de la Información, 31(5), Article e310503. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.sep.03

Mitova, E., Blassnig, S., Strikovic, E., Urman, A., Hannák, A., de Vreese, C. H., & Esser, F. (2023). News recommender systems: A programmatic research review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 47(1), 84–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2022.2142149

Nielsen, R. K., & Fletcher, R. (2023). Comparing the platformization of news media systems: A cross-country analysis. European Journal of Communication, 38(5), 484–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231231189043

Park, S., & Nan, X. (2026). Generative AI and misinformation: A scoping review of the role of generative AI in the generation, detection, mitigation, and impact of misinformation. AI & Society, 41, 1501–1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02620-3

Segijn, C. M., Strycharz, J., Riegelman, A., & Hennesy, C. (2021). A literature review of personalization transparency and control: Introducing the transparency–awareness–control framework. Media and Communication, 9(4), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4054

van Dijck, J., & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding social media logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v1i1.70

Vázquez-Herrero, J., Negreira-Rey, M.-C., & López-García, X. (2022). Mind the gap! Journalism on social media and news consumption among young audiences. International Journal of Communication, 16, 3822–3842. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19643

Vogler, D., Weston, M., Ryffel, Q., Rauchfleisch, A., Eisenegger, M., Schwaiger, L., & Christen, U. (2023). Mobile news consumption and its relation to young adults’ knowledge about and participation in referendums. Media and Communication, 11(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6029

Yuan, E. (2011). News consumption across multiple media platforms: A repertoire approach. Information, Communication & Society, 14(7), 998–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.549235

Zarouali, B., Helberger, N., & de Vreese, C. H. (2021). Investigating algorithmic misconceptions in a media context: Source of a new digital divide? Media and Communication, 9(4), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4090

Published
09-06-2026
How to Cite
Braza Delgado, R. (2026). Media, platforms and generative AI: trends and associations in european information sources between 2022 and 2025. International Journal of Advertising, Consumer Culture and Brands, 1, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.6018/trenden.715371
Issue
Section
Artículos