Medios, plataformas e IA generativa: evolución y asociaciones de las fuentes informativas en Europa entre 2022 y 2025
Resumen
Introducción: Este artículo analiza la reconfiguración de la dieta informativa europea entre 2022 y 2025 desde la comunicación social, los repertorios mediáticos y la plataformización. El objetivo es examinar la continuidad de los medios tradicionales, el crecimiento de plataformas digitales, la expansión audiovisual y sonora, y la aparición en 2025 de una fuente informativa generativa basada en IA. Metodología: Se utilizan microdatos secundarios de tres Flash Eurobarometers —ZA7903, ZA8777 y ZA9078— mediante un diseño cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo-asociacional y comparado. El análisis combina porcentajes ponderados, modelos logísticos ajustados con efectos fijos de país, índices de dieta digital y diversidad informativa, análisis de co-uso y asociaciones ecológicas por país. Resultados: La televisión mantiene en 2025 la mayor prevalencia como fuente informativa, aunque con pérdida relativa respecto a 2022. Redes sociales/blogs, plataformas de vídeo y pódcast crecen en términos descriptivos y ajustados. La fuente generativa basada en IA, disponible solo en 2025, presenta una prevalencia minoritaria y se asocia más con vídeo, redes sociales, buscadores y pódcast que con el bloque televisivo-radiofónico. Conclusiones: La dieta informativa europea no se desplaza linealmente desde la televisión hacia la IA generativa, sino que se reorganiza como un repertorio híbrido, multicanal y territorialmente desigual, estructurado por una capa tradicional persistente, una capa plataformizada en expansión y una capa generativa emergente.
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