Impacto de la actividad física, del IMC y de factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida en el riesgo de diabetes en 9511 adultos ghaneses

Autores/as

  • Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
  • María Rosa Vigueras Hernández Reina Sofía University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
  • Pablo Lucas Casas Reina Sofía University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
  • Roksana Zauder Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Poland
  • Joanna Jastrzębska Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
  • Maria Skalska Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
  • Lukasz Radzimiński Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
  • Zbigniew Jastrzębski Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
  • Shahina Pardhan Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Cambridge Campus, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.518091
Palabras clave: Diabetes , Factores de riesgo , Ghana , Actividad física , Educación Física , Obesidad , Género , Adultos mayores , Salud pública

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto de la actividad física, del IMC y de factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida sobre el riesgo de diabetes en Ghana. Analizamos datos de 9511 ghaneses adultos que habían participado en las Fases 0 y 1 del Estudio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre el Envejecimiento Global y la Salud de los Adultos. Para evaluar la diabetes, se preguntó a los participantes: "¿Alguna vez le han diagnosticado diabetes (nivel alto de azúcar en la sangre)?". El impacto de nueve variables de exposición (actividad física, IMC, sexo, edad, estado civil, educación, tabaquismo, ingesta de alcohol y consumo de frutas y verduras) sobre el riesgo de diabetes se analizó con pruebas de chi-cuadrado y análisis de regresión multivariante, por separado en cada fase para observar la evolución de los factores de riesgo de diabetes en Ghana. Tanto en el análisis ajustado como en el no ajustado, las características de exposición asociadas significativamente (p<0,05) con la diabetes fueron < 600 MET-minutos/semana de actividad física (fase 1), obesidad (fase 0), sexo femenino (fase 1), edad ≥ 60 años (fases 0 y 1) y educación (fase 1). Por lo tanto, estos factores deben tenerse en cuenta para desarrollar estrategias de salud pública para reducir la diabetes en Ghana. Considerando los resultados de este estudio, una estrategia adecuada podría ser la implementación de programas de educación física en personas con obesidad, mujeres y adultos mayores de Ghana.

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Publicado
03-04-2022
Cómo citar
López Sánchez, G. F., Vigueras Hernández , M. R. ., Lucas Casas , P. ., Zauder, R., Jastrzębska , J. ., Skalska , M. ., … Pardhan , S. . (2022). Impacto de la actividad física, del IMC y de factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida en el riesgo de diabetes en 9511 adultos ghaneses. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 11, 15. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.518091
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