Efecto de la especialización temprana en los deportes de equipo. Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Carlos Benitez Fatou Centro universitario San Isidoro
  • Alberto Martín Barrero Centro universitario San Isidoro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-8506
  • Pablo Camacho Lazarraga Centro universitario San Isidoro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.487131
Palabras clave: Especialización temprana, Alfabetización física, Desarrollo motor, Deportes de equipo

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la incidencia de los programas deportivos basados en la especialización temprana sobre las posibilidades de llegar a ser experto, la mayor posibilidad de sufrir lesiones y/o abandonar la práctica deportiva en el desarrollo de jóvenes jugadores en los deportes de equipo. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, donde se empleó la declaración PRISMA para estudiar y analizar al ámbito de la especialización deportiva en los deportes de equipo. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Web of Science, así como en otras fuentes de investigación. Finalmente se seleccionaron 41 estudios potencialmente relevantes. Los resultados señalan que la especialización deportiva temprana está ligada a índices elevados de lesión y a un mayor riesgo de abandono deportivo, lo cual le convierte en un elemento obstaculizador en el desarrollo de los jóvenes deportistas. Una práctica deportiva variada puede suponer, en cambio, un elemento beneficioso para el desarrollo deportivo, especialmente en sujetos jóvenes cuya participación en los deportes de equipo está ligada profundamente al nivel de interés y motivación que estos le puedan generar.

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Publicado
26-06-2022
Cómo citar
Benitez Fatou, C., Martín Barrero, A., & Camacho Lazarraga, P. (2022). Efecto de la especialización temprana en los deportes de equipo. Una revisión sistemática. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 11, 25. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.487131
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