Un negro no es un negro. Apariencia y aparecer en la fenomenología de la corporalidad de Fanon
Abstract
This article analyzes Frantz Fanon’s phenomenology of embodiment. It shows its centrality in order to understand the construction of the body of the racialized subject, colonial subjectivity, racism as a form of domination, and the emancipatory possibilities. Through concepts such as the epidermal schema and the historic-racial schema, Fanon historicizes and politicizes Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology. Fanon shows how racism reduces black subjects to their bodies and how it limits their possibilities of action. The phenomenology of embodiment does not only deal with the epidermal, but focuses on how histories and practices of colonialism shape the bodies by creating the conditions to limit the appearance of certain bodies and facilitating the appearance of others. In racist societies, appearing, trespassing these imposed limits becomes violence. Violence emerges in the very affirmative act: decolonizing itself is a violent phenomenon since it challenges the colonial order. The article is structured as follows: 1) the social production of the black body, 2) the sociogenic approach as a tool to study its historical formation, 3) the paradox of the body as locus of racist alienation and disalienation.
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