Desde Xizang hasta Xinjiang: Un análisis del papel que juegan los movimientos sociales transnacionales basados en la diáspora, en su oposición al tratamiento que sufren las minorías étnicas chinas
Abstract
En las últimas décadas, la comunidad internacional ha asistido a un aumento considerable de la influencia internacional china, lo que ha llevado a varios actores internacionales fundamentales a ajustar la forma en la que interactúan con el gigante asiático, en especial cuando se trata de temas que China presenta como internos o relativos a la soberanía nacional. El presente artículo examina la relación entre uno de estos temas, id est, el tratamiento chino de las minorías étnicas, y otro cambio reciente en el contexto internacional: la creciente relevancia de las fuerzas y presiones internacionales generadas por movimientos sociales transnacionales creados por miembros de minorías étnicas que han optado por emigrar de China, formando diásporas. Con este fin, se contemplan dos estudios de caso: la minoría tibetana, que proviene de la Región Autónoma del Tíbet, y la minoría uigur, que reside en la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang. Se estudian los tipos de resistencia internacional en los que participan los miembros de las diásporas y la habilidad que tienen, a través de los movimientos sociales transnacionales que crean, para inclinar las balanzas de la opinión pública, las políticas nacionales y las posiciones de organismos internacionales a favor de sus grupos étnicos.
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