Estrés comunitario frente a múltiples desastres durante la erupción volcánica y la pandemia covid-19: un estudio transversal
Resumo
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el estrés durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y afrontar las erupciones volcánicas y analizar los factores relacionados.
Métodos: Esta investigación fue de tipo observacional analítica cuantitativa con un diseño transversal. El número de muestras fue de 352 pacientes mediante la técnica de muestreo accidental. El instrumento de investigación utiliza la escala de estrés percibido (PSS) -10 ítems y la escala de estrés COVID-19. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las pruebas Kendal Tau y Chi-Cuadrado.
Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados experimentaron estrés leve durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (66,2%) y estrés moderado al lidiar con erupciones volcánicas (98,9%). Las variables relacionadas con el estrés durante una pandemia fueron género (p.017), educación (p.027), ingresos (p<.001) y distancia desde casa hasta la cima del volcán (p<0.036), mientras que las relacionadas con el estrés que enfrentan las erupciones volcánicas es sólo una experiencia de desastre de entrenamiento (p.033).
Conclusiones: El estudio encontró que el nivel de estrés al enfrentar una erupción volcánica era mayor que durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El género, la educación, los ingresos y la distancia desde el hogar hasta la cima de un volcán están relacionados con el estrés durante una pandemia. Al mismo tiempo, la experiencia de la formación en desastres fue el único factor asociado con el estrés al afrontar las erupciones volcánicas.
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