Enseñanza y aprendizaje sobre nutrición en estudiantes de enfermería: revisión de alcance
Resumo
Introducción: La ingesta de alimentos puede determinar el estado individual de salud y bienestar de la persona. El abordaje de contenido relevante sobre nutrición en el curriculum de enfermería resulta clave a la hora de proporcionar conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades sobre prevención, tratamiento y promoción de la salud.
Objetivo: Revisar el tipo de evidencia en relación a la enseñanza y aprendizaje sobre nutrición en estudiantes de grado en enfermería.
Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en MEDLINE (PubMed/Ovid), Web of Science (WOS), EMBASE (a través de OvidSP), CINAHL (a través de EBSCO Publishing), ERIC (Educational Resource Information Center) y Scopus. La búsqueda incluyó publicaciones en inglés y español desde el lanzamiento de las bases de datos hasta enero de 2021. En esta revisión se incluyeron estudios empíricos primarios y que contuvieran en la muestra estudiantes de enfermería, y estudios cuyos resultados informaran sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje en nutrición.
Resultados: 22 trabajos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, identificándose cuatro temas relevantes; 1) Revisión de programas y curriculum; 2) Diseños de enseñanza; 3) Evaluación del aprendizaje; 4) Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la metodología de enseñanza.
Conclusiones: Las publicaciones incluidas presentan una gran heterogeneidad entre los programas implementados, los resultados de aprendizaje explicitados y los métodos de evaluación, lo que imposibilitó la comparación. Sin embargo, todos destacaron los beneficios de la enseñanza de la nutrición en estudiantes de enfermería. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de seguir investigando sobre el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las secuencias de aprendizaje.
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