Intervenciones enfermeras para disminuir la sobrecarga de cuidadores informales. Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos
Resumo
Introducción: Los cuidadores informales suelen ser miembros de la familia de un paciente, que conducen a la dependencia del paciente del cuidador. Esto puede resultar en perturbaciones en la calidad de vida de los cuidadores. Para abordar los efectos negativos de la atención informal, existen varios tipos de intervenciones eficaces para reducir las visitas médicas tanto de los cuidadores informales como de los pacientes a su cargo.
Objetivo: Examinar la eficacia de las intervenciones de enfermería existentes diseñadas para reducir la sobrecarga del cuidador informal de personas con enfermedad crónica.
Metodología:
Diseño: Revisión sistemática.
Fuentes de datos: Bases de datos como Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase, The Cochrane Library y CINAHL fueron buscadas usando palabras clave sobre intervenciones de enfermería en cuidadores familiares. Los artículos publicados entre 2014-2019 fueron recuperados y sometidos a análisis de datos y síntesis de conocimientos
Método de revisión: Dos revisores seleccionados de forma independiente. La evaluación de la calidad se basó en la lista de verificación de evaluación de declaraciones prisma. La síntesis es narrativa.
Resultados: Noventa y cinco estudios fueron examinados en su totalidad, y setenta y siete fueron descartados por no proporcionar resultados adecuados. El recuento final de artículos incluidos en esta revisión fue de dieciocho que fueron todos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados.
Conclusiones: El análisis de los diferentes estudios muestra eficacia en la reducción de síntomas como estrés, ansiedad, depresión o incluso necesidades insatisfechas. Las intervenciones más eficaces para reducir la carga del cuidador fueron las visitas domiciliarias y las intervenciones psicoeducacionales, tanto individuales como grupales.
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