Síndrome coronario agudo en mujeres desde la teoría del manejo del síntoma
Resumo
Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular y la experiencia del síntoma del Síndrome Coronario Agudo en las mujeres, según la teoría del Manejo del Síntoma.
Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, participaron 81 mujeres con SCA atendidas en un Hospital Universitario en Colombia. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, acciones de respuesta ante los síntomas y la percepción, evaluaciòn y respuesta al síntoma a través de la aplicación del instrumento sobre la Experiencia del Síntoma en la Mujer con SCA.
Resultados: De los participantes el 80% superaron los 60 años de edad, en su mayoría con un nivel bajo de escolaridad y residencia urbana. El principal factor de riesgo fue la HTA y más del 50% referían sedentarismo, dislipidemia y dieta malsana. Las mujeres presentaron en promedio 10 síntomas atípicos por cada evento, destacándose el dolor o molestia en el pecho en un 85%. El 66,3 % definieron el origen del síntoma como un problema extracardíaco y 4 de cada 10 pacientes consideró las manifestaciones como insignificantes. El 16% tomó remedios caseros y el 25% esperaron que pasara la sintomatología sin buscar atención profesional. La relación entre el tiempo en asistir a consulta médica e ignorar los síntomas, presentó significancia estadística (p=0,000).
Conclusiones: Las mujeres con SCA presentaron diversidad de síntomas, no percibieron la gravedad de sus manifestaciones y, por lo general, respondieron tardíamente ante los síntomas, factor relevante para la atención y tratamiento oportuno.
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