Currículum enfermero y estrategias pedagógicas en materia de sostenibilidad medioambiental en los procesos de salud y cuidado
Agências Suporte
- Unión Europea
Resumo
Fundamentos: Las enfermeras deben ser conocedoras de cómo afecta el cambio climático a la salud. Para la obtención de estos conocimientos es necesario definir las competencias a adquirir y las estrategias pedagógicas que afronten la sostenibilidad medioambiental en la formación de Enfermería. Objetivo: Describir las dimensiones que debe incluir la formación enfermera en materia de sostenibilidad medioambiental, cambio climático y cuidados de salud y determinar las estrategias pedagógicas más adecuadas.Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de publicaciones sobre sostenibilidad medioambiental en relación a enfermería y cuidados de salud de los últimos 10 años. Se diseñaron estrategias de búsqueda para quince bases de datos de enfermería y ciencias de la salud. Los resultados se sistematizaron en matrices de datos.
Resultados: La formación enfermera en sostenibilidad medioambiental debe incluir contenidos sobre globalización, impacto ambiental, promoción de salud, uso de recursos y gestión adecuada de residuos, alimentos e influencias de los procesos de producción, los efectos del tabaquismo y los efectos ambientales en la salud de la infancia. Los enfoques educativos más adecuados para incluir la sostenibilidad medioambiental en la formación enfermera son la Investigación-Acción Participativa y el aprendizaje basado en problemas.
Conclusiones: La formación enfermera en materia de sostenibilidad medioambiental debe incluir competencias en diferentes niveles: en lo individual, comprendiendo los fundamentos y el alcance del problema y actuando consecuentemente en el ámbito profesional y en el personal, y en el plano social, Enfermería tiene un papel clave en la promoción de la salud medioambiental.
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