Schizophrenia and tobacco dependence: an integrative review
Abstract
Smoking is a chronic disease with damages to physical and mental health and to the social and economic life of the user. This study aimed to identify in the scientific literature the knowledge produced about tobacco dependence in schizophrenia and its utilization by nursing. An integrative review of the scientific literature was conducted, from May 2001 to May 2011, based on the following guiding questions: Is there a relationship between tobacco dependence and schizophrenia? Has this issue been approached by nursing? The papers were selected in MEDLINE and CAPES Periodicals Portal, from the descriptors: smoking, schizophrenia and nursing. Of the 346 papers found, attending to the inclusion criteria, the sample comprised52 papers, which were analyzed and discussed. It was found that the relationship between schizophrenia and smoking is unquestionable according to the scientific literature, and worrying because despite the apparent benefits (improvement of the negative symptoms, decrease of the adverse effects of the medicines, feeling of pleasure) there is interference in the drug therapy and impairment of disorder presentation. Of the 52 papers analyzed, only three mentioned the professional nurse, so evidencing the lack of positioning of nursing at the head of this issue. It was concluded that the association between smoking and schizophrenia is worrying and that nursing should include the approach to smoker as part of nursing care, offering psychiatric patients the opportunity to reflect on smoking in their life and on their willingness to receive help to quit the habit.
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