Automedicación en adultos colombianos: papel de credulidad publicitaria farmacéutica, autoconciencia de salud y búsqueda informativa
Resumo
Introducción: Automedicarse es una práctica frecuente en adultos y puede estar favorecida por la credulidad hacia publicidad farmacéutica. En cambio, una mayor autoconciencia de la salud y búsqueda de información, podrían modularla.
Objetivo: Este estudio examinó la asociación entre credulidad publicitaria y automedicación, evaluando además los efectos de la autoconciencia de la salud y la búsqueda de información farmacéutica (consulta informativa, evitación del riesgo).
Material y Métodos: Mediante un estudio transversal con 617 adultos colombianos (385 mujeres), se estimó una regresión logística ordinal.
Resultados: la automedicación se asoció con mayor credulidad (OR = 1,47, IC 95 % 1,26, 1,72) y menor autoconciencia (OR = 0,72, IC 95 % 0,61, 0,86). La consulta informativa no produjo efecto y la evitación del riesgo presentó patrón no lineal (p < ,05) indicando que a niveles medios–altos la probabilidad de alta automedicación disminuye. Adicionalmente, la autoconciencia amortiguó el efecto de la credulidad (OR = 0,81, IC 95 % 0,71, 0,93).
Conclusiones: La credulidad emerge como factor de riesgo y la autoconciencia como protector ante la automedicación. Esta evidencia respalda la necesidad de fortalecer intervenciones educativas que favorezcan la autoconciencia del paciente y el juicio crítico sobre la información publicitaria para reducir el consumo de medicamentos no prescritos y, con ello, disminuir los riesgos asociados.
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